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. 2016 Sep 28;6:34106. doi: 10.1038/srep34106

Figure 2. In utero caffeine exposure leads to altered cardiac gene expression in the F1 generation at 1 year of age.

Figure 2

Early in utero exposure to caffeine from E6.5–9.5 caused increased RNA expression of Myh7, ANP, Mef2c, and Nfatc-1A in the left ventricle. Late in utero exposure from E10.5–13.5 caused altered expression of Tnni3, ANP, Mef2d, and Nfatc1-C. Fold change in gene expression between vehicle and caffeine treated mice was calculated with the 2−∆∆CT method using Gapdh as the control gene. Significance was determined by Student’s t-test and a P ≤ 0.05 was determined to be significant. N = 4, *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, and ***P ≤ 0.001.