Skip to main content
. 2016 Sep 28;6:34106. doi: 10.1038/srep34106

Figure 3. In utero caffeine exposure leads to altered cardiac gene expression in F2 and F3 generation at 1 year of age.

Figure 3

qPCR analysis revealed that in utero caffeine treatment during E10.5–13.5 altered gene expression in the left ventricles of F2 generation offspring, including Myh7, Tnni3, BNP, Tnnc1, and Camta1. In utero caffeine treatment during E10.5–13.5 increased Gata4 expression in the left ventricles of F3 generation offspring. Fold-change in gene expression between vehicle and caffeine treated mice was calculated with the 2−∆∆CT method using Gapdh as the control gene. Significance was determined by Student’s t-test and a P ≤ 0.05 was determined to be significant. N = 5, *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01.