Table 3. Echocardiography analysis 20 minutes after dobutamine treatment of CD-1 mice exposed to caffeine or vehicle in utero from E6.5–9.5.
| Treatment | Age | IVS;d | LVID;d | LVPW;d | LV Vol;d | IVS;s | LVID;s | LVPW;s | LV Vol;s | % EF | % FS | LV Mass | Heart Rate | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E6.5–9.5 | mm | mm | mm | ul | mm | mm | mm | ul | % | % | mg | BPM | ||
| Vehicle | 12 Weeks | 0.82 | 4.22 | 0.99 | 80.06 | 1.35 | 2.35 | 1.63 | 20.62 | 75.31 | 44.59 | 122.21 | 489.36 | 4 |
| Caffeine | 12 Weeks | 0.89* | 4.03 | 1.02 | 71.98 | 1.42 | 2.21 | 1.58 | 17.54 | 76.68 | 45.67 | 121.04 | 503.48 | 4 |
| P-value | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.31 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.43 | 0.17 | ||
| E6.5–9.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Vehicle | 22 Weeks | 0.92 | 4.25 | 1.09 | 81.43 | 1.59 | 2.11 | 1.78 | 15.38 | 81.65 | 50.53 | 142.17 | 485.50 | 3 |
| Caffeine | 22 Weeks | 0.95 | 4.15 | 0.99* | 77.45 | 1.45* | 2.44 | 1.54* | 22.24 | 72.42* | 41.53* | 130.98 | 529.10* | 3 |
| P-value | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.001 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 0.01 | ||
For abbreviations please see Table 1. *P-value ≤ 0.05. P-values were calculated by Student’s t-test.