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. 2016 Sep 28;6:34111. doi: 10.1038/srep34111

Figure 2. Chronic METH exposure increases BBB permeability and elevates hippocampal IL-1β levels.

Figure 2

Mice were exposed to METH as in Fig. 1. All analyses were performed 24 h post METH administration. (a) Fibrinogen immunoreactivity in the cross sections of METH-exposed brains, indicating disruption of the BBB integrity in the hippocampus. Note that only minimal fibrinogen-positive staining was observed in control brains. Scale bar, 200 μm. (b) Fibrinogen levels in the hippocampal homogenates as determined and quantified by immunoblotting (n = 4 per group). (c) Plasma inflammatory cytokines as determined by Bio-Plex Pro Mouse Cytokine 23-plex assay kit. The levels of eotaxin, GM-CSF, and IL-9 were under detectable concentrations. Among determined cytokines, only IL-1β significantly increased after METH-administration (n = 6 per group). (d) Protein levels of IL-1β in the hippocampal homogenates (n = 8 per group). **p < 0.01 or ***p < 0.0001 vs vehicle.