Table 1. Systematic review presentation checklist, adapted from PRISMA checklist.

Item	Content
Title	• Should identify as systematic review and/or meta-analysis
Introduction	• Clearly states the objective and rationale for the review, according to PICOTS layout
	• Clear clinical question to address stated
Methods	• Defines important key terms e.g., “minimally invasive”
	• Primary and secondary outcomes described
	• States which electronic databases were used
	• States year range for literature search
	• States/summarizes the search strategy used, based on PICOTS
	• States inclusion and exclusion criteria
	• States how to deal with abstracts, conference reports, editorials, duplicates studies etc.
	• States the reviewers (should be 2 or more) performing the literature search
	• Statistical methodology described
	• Publication bias assessment and heterogeneity analysis described
	• Defining “clinical relevance” of outcome, e.g., 30% improvement in pain score as clinically relevant
Results	• Provides information on PRISMA search strategy workflow e.g. number of studies screened, and numbers of studies finally included
	• Study characteristics presented (usually in tabular form), including year, study enrolment, level of evidence, design, country, demographics, operative parameters, complications, functional outcomes and radiographic outcomes
	• Intra-study risk of bias assessment
	• Inter-study risk of bias assessment
	• Quality appraisal of included studies
	• Summary table for outcomes of individual studies
	• Descriptions of meta-analysis and heterogeneity analysis results in words
	• Additional analysis should also be described
Discussion	• Main findings summarized
	• Key limitations and strengths discussed
	• Overall general interpretation and future directions of research discussed
	• Conclusions should be appropriate according to the data presented
Funding	• Funding, acknowledgements, and conflicts of interest mentioned
Figures	• PRISMA flow-chart for search strategy
	• Forest plots of primary and secondary outcomes
	• Funnel plot for publication bias
	• Trim-and-fill analysis plots
	• Subgroup analysis forest plots/meta-regression graphs for heterogeneity assessment if appropriate
Supplementary Tables	• Search strategy for at least one database
	• GRADE approach for assessment of outcomes
	• Checklist for quality appraisal, e.g., Furlan, Cowley, Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale
	• PRISMA checklist, abbreviation not previously touched on checklist