Table 1.

Intervention Strategies and Activities

Intervention Strategies
Strategies	HEAL	ICAS	NCICAS
Staff	AC: Master’s level Diverse backgrounds CHW: Developed rapport with family, established community partnerships Scheduled visits Assisted AC with environmental education intervention	EC: Environmental Peer Counselor Environmental Interventionist: Performed remediation activities, visit scheduling	AC: Master’s level Social Worker Clinic staff: Assisted with watching children who came to clinic visit with caregiver
Training	2 day initial central training+ ongoing Investigator shadowing Individual ongoing follow-up	4 day initial central training with field practice plus 1.5 day central training after study start	Over 3 months 3, 2.5 day sessions 2 wk. clinic observation
Staff Evaluation	1,3,6,9, 12 months evaluation and verbal testing	Yearly site visits with feedback	2 site visits per year with feedback
Environmental Intervention and Supplies	All: Safe sleeping zone, mold and ETS exposure, dust mite covers, cleaning supplies (e.g, dust mops, spray bottles) food storage containers, hypoallergenic bed covers, HEPA unit Tailored: ERAT-recommended Modules-cockroach, rodent, pets, mold, ETS; Focused on doable goals in stressed environment Supplies - HEPA air purifier with filter, dust mop, food storage containers, spray bottles, hypoallergenic bed covers	All: Safe sleeping zone, dust mite covers, HEPA vacuum, washable blanket, cleaning supplies Tailored a: ERAT-recommended Modules-cockroach, pets, rodent, mold, ETS Supplies - food storage containers, mouse traps, HEPA unit Exterminator for children sensitive and exposed to cockroach	All: Dust mite covers Pet & ETS exposure Tailored: AC discussions tailored by responses to CARAT Supplies –referrals to community resources for smoking, psychological, and social issues 2 exterminator visits for children sensitive to cockroach
Maximum Caseload	40 at start, 60 midway	60–75	60 families
Provider Contact	Communicated with medical providers as needed	NA	NA
Intervention Activities
	HEAL	ICAS	NCICAS
Participant Characteristics
Location	Greater New Orleans, LA	7 US inner cities	8 US inner cities
Study Design	Pre-Post Intervention	Randomized control	Randomized control
No. of Participants	182	937 (469 intervention)	1033 (515 intervention)
Age of Participants	4 – 12 years old	5 – 11 years old	5 – 9 years old
Allergens tested b	23, including 16 molds	14, including 4 molds	9, including 4 molds
Intervention Characteristics
Intervention Period	1 year	1 year	1 year
Intervention Frequency	2 group sessionsd, 2 visitsc (1 home), 2 follow-up calls	No group sessions, 5 home visits plus 2 optional visitsc, each followed by telephone calls	2 group sessions with caretaker and 2 with child, 6 clinic visits with AC alternating with 6 telephone callsc
CARAT	Yes	No	Yes
ERAT	Yes	Yes	No
Outcome Collection Intervals
Home Environmental Assessments	Baseline, 6, and 12 months	Baseline, 6, and 12 months	None
Clinical Outcomes	Every 3 months	Every 2 months	Every 2 months

^aSupplies were distributed based on sensitivity and remediation/education refined based on sensitivity and exposure.

^bICAS and NCICAS participants had to be sensitive to >1 allergen; HEAL did not require participants to be sensitized.

^cThe frequency varied according to the needs of the participant.

^dGroup sessions dropped