Table 2. Risk factors associated with observed mortality.
| Predictor | Time period | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complete follow-up | ≤ 1 year | 1–5 years | > 5 years | |||||
| HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) | |
| Age per 5 years | 1.46 | (1.41–1.50)*** | 1.25 | (1.14–1.36)*** | 1.37 | (1.30–1.44)*** | 1.53 | (1.46–1.60)*** |
| Female gender | 0.91 | (0.82–1.02) | 1.07 | (0.77–1.48) | 0.68 | (0.56–0.83)*** | 1.03 | (0.88–1.20) |
| Surgical category: | ||||||||
| 1) Isolated CABG (reference) | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — |
| 2) 1 non-CABG procedure | 1.49 | (1.29–1.73)*** | 2.41 | (1.59–3.64)*** | 1.56 | (1.20–2.03)*** | 1.33 | (1.04–1.68)* |
| 3) 2 surgical procedures | 1.53 | (1.37–1.71)*** | 2.06 | (1.44–2.93)*** | 1.60 | (1.32–1.94)*** | 1.44 | (1.21–1.71)*** |
| 4) ≥ 3 surgical procedures | 1.94 | (1.51–2.48)*** | 2.43 | (1.20–4.90)* | 2.17 | (1.47–3.20)*** | 1.53 | (1.00–2.33)* |
| Chronic cardiac insufficiency | 1.61 | (1.44–1.79)*** | 1.89 | (1.38–2.60)*** | 1.78 | (1.48–2.15)*** | 1.49 | (1.26–1.77)*** |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.70 | (1.52–1.89)*** | 2.38 | (1.75–3.25)*** | 1.69 | (1.40–2.04)*** | 1.52 | (1.27–1.81)*** |
| Serum creatinine >140 μmol/L | 2.07 | (1.77–2.42)*** | 3.02 | (2.02–4.53)*** | 2.00 | (1.54–2.60)*** | 1.85 | (1.43–2.41)*** |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.58 | (1.40–1.78)*** | 1.63 | (1.15–2.32)** | 1.50 | (1.23–1.84)*** | 1.66 | (1.38–1.99)*** |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.69 | (1.50–1.91)*** | 1.16 | (0.77–1.73) | 1.95 | (1.60–2.37)*** | 1.65 | (1.37–2.00)*** |
| Current smoking | 1.42 | (1.29–1.57)*** | 1.54 | (1.12–2.11)** | 1.25 | (1.05–1.48)* | 1.41 | (1.21–1.64)*** |
Hazard ratios are given for the complete follow-up period, as well as piecewise for the 1st year (n = 8,380), 1st-5th year (n = 7,704) and >5th year (n = 5,207) of follow-up. HR; hazard ratio, CI; confidence interval.
*p<0.05
**p<0.01
***p<0.001. CABG; coronary artery bypass grafting.