Table 1. List of primers used for amplification and sequencing of the 5' part of the mitochondrial COI gene.

Primer name	Sequence	Publication	Used at
LCO1490	5'-GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG	Folmer et al. 1994	SMNS, CCDB for ZSM, ZFMK
HCO2198	5'-TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA	Folmer et al. 1994	SMNS, CCDB for ZSM, ZFMK
LepF1	5'-ATTCAACCAATCATAAAGATATTGG	Hebert et al. 2004	CCDB for ZSM
LepR1	5'-TAAACTTCTGGATGTCCAAAAAATCA	Hebert et al. 2004	CCDB for ZSM
C_LepFolF	cocktail of LepF1 and LCO1490	www.boldystem.org/index.php/Public_Primer_PrimerSearch	CCDB for ZSM
C_LepFolR	cocktail of LepR1 and HCO2198	www.boldystem.org/index.php/Public_Primer_PrimerSearch	CCDB for ZSM
LCO1490-JJ	5'-CHACWAAYCATAAAGATATYGG	Astrin & Stüben 2008	ZFMK
HCO2198-JJ	5'-AWACTTCVGGRTGVCCAAARAATCA	Astrin & Stüben 2008	ZFMK
LCO1490-JJ2	5'-CHACWAAYCAYAARGAYATYGG	new	ZFMK
HCO2198-JJ2	5'-ANACTTCNGGRTGNCCAAARAATCA	new	ZFMK
LCO1490-JJ4a	5'-CNACNAAYCAYARRGAYATYGG	new	ZFMK
HCO2198-JJ4a	5'-AIACYTCNGGRTGICCAAARAATC	new	ZFMK
LCO1490-JJ4	5'-CIACIAAYCAYAARGAYATYGG	new	ZFMK
HCO2198-JJ4	5'-ANACTTCNGGRTGNCCAAARAATC	new	ZFMK

Species—also many others than arachnids—with strongly modified binding sites could usually be successfully amplified at ZFMK with a set of newly (manually) designed, highly degenerate primers (most often using combination LCO1490-JJ2 & HCO2198-JJ2). The combination LCO1490-JJ and HCO2198-JJ constitutes the standard set of primers used at ZFMK. The standard set of primers used at CCDB for ZSM was the combination C_LepFolF and C_LepFolR, a cocktail consisting of the primers listed above.