Table 2.
Studies looking at differences in SCFA in faecal or caecal samples in obese versus lean phenotypes in animal and human studies.
| Reference | Technique used | SCFA differences | Gut microbiota differences |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turnbaugh et al. 2006 [4] | GC-MS, pyrosequencing | ↑ caecal acetate and ↑ butyrate in obese ob/ob mice compared to lean | ↑ Firmicutes and lower Bacteroidetes in obese than lean mice. No differences in genera level diversity |
| Zhang et al. 2009 [23] |
GC, qPCR, and pyrosequencing | ↑ acetate in obese compared to lean and gastric bypass group | ↑ M. smithii and Prevotellaceae in obese compared to lean and gastric bypass |
| Schwiertz et al. 2010 [18] |
GC and qPCR with SYBR Green | ↑ total SCFA and propionate (conc. & %) in obese compared to lean | ↑ Bacteroides and ↓ Firmicutes, ↓ Ruminococcus flavefaciens, ↓ Bifidobacterium, and ↓ Methanobrevibacter in obese compared to lean |
| Payne et al. 2011 [24] |
qPCR, TGGE, and HPLC | ↑ butyrate, propionate, and isobutyrate in obese compared to lean ↑ lactate and valerate in lean compared to obese No difference in acetate and total SCFA |
No difference in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio, Bifidobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and sulphate reducing bacteria between lean and obese children ↑ Roseburia/E. rectale in obese Highly variable banding pattern on TGGE for both obese and healthy |
|
| |||
| Yang et al. 2013 [25] |
GC | ↑ ratio of molar propionate: total SCFA and ↓ acetate : SCFA ratio in obese versus lean | Not measured |
| Teixeira et al. 2013 [26] |
GC | ↑ acetate, propionate, and butyrate in obese versus lean women SCFA correlated with body fat, blood pressure, waist circumference, insulin, and HOMA index |
Not studied |
| Belobrajdic et al. 2012 [27] |
GC | Increase in total SCFA pool and stool energy irrespective of obese or lean phenotype (obesity prone or obesity resistant) in response to 0, 4, 12, and 16% resistant starch diet for 4 weeks | Not studied |
| Rahat-Rozenbloom et al. 2014 [28] |
GC | ↑ total SCFA, acetate, and butyrate in obese compared to lean No differences in isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate |
↑ Firmicutes : Bacteroidetes ratio in obese. Firmicutes correlated with SCFA in obese |
| Fernandes et al. 2014 [29] |
GC, qPCR | Significantly ↑ propionate and valerate Marginally ↑ acetate and butyrate |
Escherichia Coli higher in lean than obese No difference in Bacteroides/Prevotella, Clostridium coccoides and C. leptum group, Bifidobacteria, and total bacteria, F/B ratio |
| Li et al. 2013 [30] |
GC | Higher SCFA in obese than lean | ↑ Firmicutes and lower Bacteroidetes in obese |
GC: gas chromatography, GC-MS: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, SPME-GCMS: solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry, v1-v2: variable regions 1 and 2, HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography, TGGE: temperature gradient gel electrophoresis, CHO: carbohydrate, EU: European Union, qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and F/B ratio: Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio.