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. 2016 Sep 29;7:1453. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01453

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Copyright © 2016 Bally, McIntyre, Doran, Lee, Perez, Jung, Naim, Larrinua, Narva and Waterhouse.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Helicoverpa armigera dsRNA feeding assay. Feeding assays of H. armigera on transplastomic (hpACE-c) and nuclear (hpACE-n) transgenic N. benthamiana. Representation of H. armigera average weight (A) and size (B), ACE activity (C) and relative expressive (D) after 4 days of feeding on WT, transplastomic hpACE-c and nuclear hpACE-n transformants. All data are means ± SD (n = 30) after 4 days of caterpillars feeding on 2 week old seedlings. Significant differences to wild type were identified by analysis of variance using ANOVA.^{∗, ∗∗}, and ^∗∗∗ indicates a significant difference at P < 0.5, 0.1, and 0.001, respectively. An example of feeding assay with 3 wo detached leaves is represented in (E).