Table 2.

ORs for cognitive impairment (MMSE score <24) according to levels of predictor variables (n = 1,143)

Predictor variables	Subjects, n	Cognitive impairment, n prevalence, %)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusteda OR (95% CI)
Sex			p = 0.858	p = 0.359
Women	510	111 (21.8)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Men	633	135 (21.3)	0.97 (0.73–1.29)	1.15 (0.85–1.56)
Age			p for trend <0.001	p for trend <0.001
<60 years	210	10 (4.8)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
60–69 years	319	39 (12.2)	2.79 (1.36–5.71)	2.83 (1.38–5.82)
70–79 years	441	118 (26.8)	7.31 (3.74–14.27)	7.31 (3.74–14.27)
≥80 years	173	79 (45.7)	16.81 (8.33–33.91)	16.63 (8.22–33.61)
BMI			p for trend = 0.734	p for trend = 0.059
1st quintile (<21.1)	227	68 (30.0)	1.71 (1.11–2.64)	1.75 (1.09–2.81)
2nd quintile (21.1–23.1)	226	45 (19.9)	1.06 (0.67–1.70)	1.16 (0.72–1.89)
3rd quintile (23.2–24.6)	227	43 (18.9)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
4th quintile (24.7–26.7)	227	43 (18.9)	1.00 (0.63–1.60)	1.25 (0.76–2.06)
5th quintile (≥26.8)	225	47 (20.9)	1.13 (0.71–1.79)	1.50 (0.92–2.45)
	11 missing values
Self-reported history of hypertension			p for trend = 0.686	p for trend = 0.065
No	433	96 (22.2)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Yes	709	150 (21.2)	0.94 (0.71–1.26)	0.75 (0.55–1.02)
	1 missing value
Self-reported history of diabetes			p for trend = 0.078	p for trend = 0.771
No	816	187 (22.9)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Yes	325	59 (18.2)	0.75 (0.54–1.03)	0.95 (0.67–1.35)
	2 missing values
Self-reported history of stroke			p < 0.001	p = 0.005
No	992	195 (19.7)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Yes	149	51 (34.2)	2.13 (1.47–3.09)	1.80 (1.20–2.71)
	2 missing values
Self-reported history of myocardial infarction		p = 0.002	p = 0.032
No	1,089	225 (20.7)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Yes	53	21 (39.6)	2.52 (1.43–4.45)	1.97 (1.06–3.66)
	1 missing value
Systolic blood pressure			p for trend = 0.840	p for trend = 0.362
1st quintile (<117 mm Hg)	207	50 (24.2)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
2nd quintile (117–127 mm Hg)	236	52 (22.0)	0.93 (0.60–1.44)	0.96 (0.59–1.54)
3rd quintile (128–139 mm Hg)	235	42 (17.9)	0.72 (0.45–1.13)	0.70 (0.43–1.15)
4th quintile (140–150 mm Hg)	223	50 (22.4)	0.95 (0.61–1.48)	0.92 (0.57–1.48)
5th quintile (≥151 mm Hg)	230	51 (22.2)	0.94 (0.60–1.46)	0.79 (0.49–1.27)
	12 missing values
Diastolic blood pressure			p for trend = 0.011	p for trend = 0.755
1st quintile (<63 mm Hg)	205	59 (28.8)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
2nd quintile (63–69 mm Hg)	236	50 (21.2)	0.70 (0.46–1.08)	0.89 (0.55–1.42)
3rd quintile (70–76 mm Hg)	234	54 (23.1)	0.79 (0.51–1.20)	1.11 (0.70–1.77)
4th quintile (77–84 mm Hg)	224	40 (17.9)	0.57 (0.36–0.90)	0.84 (0.51–1.39)
5th quintile (≥85 mm Hg)	232	42 (18.1)	0.58 (0.37–0.91)	1.03 (0.61–1.74)
	12 missing values
Leisure-time physical activity			p for trend = 0.478	p for trend = 0.500
None	680	156 (22.9)	1.03 (0.71–1.49)	1.04 (0.70–1.53)
1–2 times/week	123	20 (16.3)	0.67 (0.38–1.20)	0.72 (0.39–1.33)
3–4 times/week	73	10 (13.7)	0.55 (0.26–1.15)	0.54 (0.25–1.18)
≥5 times/week	214	48 (22.4)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
	53 missing values
Walking time			p for trend = 0.009	p for trend = 0.052
0 min/week	37	15 (40.5)	2.75 (1.39–5.42)	2.41 (1.13–5.14)
1–29 min/week	149	36 (24.2)	1.28 (o. 85–1.94)	1.23 (0.79–1.92)
30–59 min/week	135	30 (22.2)	1.15 (0.74–1.79)	1.06 (0.66–1.69)
≥60 min/week	769	153 (19.9)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
	53 missing values
Smoking			p = 0.247	p = 0.098
Nonsmoker	616	135 (21.9)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Past smoker	377	88 (23.3)	1.09 (0.80–1.47)	1.40 (0.90–2.17)
Current smoker	149	23 (15.4)	0.65 (0.40–1.06)	1.68 (0.91–3.09)
	1 missing value
Alcohol intake			p < 0.001	p = 0.024
Nondrinker	471	129 (27.4)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Chance drinker	304	61 (20.1)	0.67 (0.47–0.94)	0.73 (0.50–1.09)
Drinker at least once/week	367	56 (15.3)	0.48 (0.34–0.68)	0.66 (0.42–1.02)
	1 missing value
Vegetable consumption			p for trend = 0.100	p for trend =0.616
None	18	2 (11.1)	0.44 (0.10–1.91)	0.76 (0.16–3.66)
1–2 times/week	39	7 (18.0)	0.76 (0.33–1.75)	1.54 (0.62–3.83)
3–6 times/week	52	7 (13.5)	0.54 (0.24–1.22)	1.26 (0.52–30.5)
Every day	1,033	230 (22.3)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
	1 missing value
Fruit consumption			p for trend = 0.757	p for trend = 0.001
None	120	29 (24.2)	1.10 (0.70–1.75)	2.24 (1.31–3.81)
1–2 times/week	207	48 (23.2)	1.04 (0.72–1.52)	1.59 (1.04–2.43)
3–6 times/week	231	38 (16.5)	0.68 (0.46–1.01)	0.86 (0.56–1.32)
Every day	584	131 (22.4)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
		1 missing value
Green tea consumption			p for trend = 0.034	p for trend = 0.007
None	539	133 (24.7)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
1–6 times/week	134	21 (15.7)	0.57 (0.34–0.94)	0.72 (0.42–1.24)
Every day	467	90 (19.3)	0.73 (0.54–0.99)	0.65 (0.47–0.89)
	3 missing values

^aAdjusted for age and sex (except for the variables sex and age); sex was adjusted for age, and age was adjusted for sex.