Table 4.
The AUC values (mean ± standard deviation) for each measure and their combinations
| AUC | C vs. FTD | C vs. AD | AD vs. FTD all | AD vs. FTD autopsy | AD vs. FTD clinical |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 0.99±0.01 | 1.00±0.00 | 0.89±0.01 | 0.97±0.02 | 0.94±0.02 |
| Clinical | 0.98±0.01 | 0.99±0.00 | 0.82±0.01 | 0.70±0.09 | 0.90±0.02 |
| Symptom | 0.96±0.02 | 0.99±0.00 | 0.85±0.01 | 0.70±0.09 | 0.89±0.02 |
| Amnesia | – | 0.90±0.02 | 0.81±0.02 | – | 0.83±0.03 |
| Dysphasia | 0.66±0.06 | – | 0.63±0.04 | – | 0.62±0.05 |
| Confusion | 0.58±0.06 | – | – | – | – |
| Psychosis | – | – | – | – | – |
| Paranoia | – | – | – | – | – |
| Depression | 0.69±0.05 | 0.68±0.05 | – | – | – |
| Apathy | 0.80±0.04 | 0.81±0.03 | – | – | – |
| Sleeping disorder | – | – | – | – | – |
| Frontal profilea | 0.78±0.04 | 0.58±0.07 | 0.67±0.03 | – | 0.74±0.04 |
| Tremor | 0.63±0.07 | 0.59±0.07 | – | – | – |
| Myoclonus | – | – | – | – | 0.53±0.07 |
| Disinhibition | 0.69±0.05 | – | – | 0.70±0.09 | – |
| Hachinski ischemic score | n.a. | n.a. | – | – | – |
| Webster total score | n.a. | n.a. | 0.64±0.02 | – | 0.74±0.02 |
| Hamilton depression scale | n.a. | n.a. | – | – | 0.72±0.04 |
| Neuropsychological | 0.95±0.01 | 0.96±0.01 | 0.73±0.02 | 0.80±0.04 | 0.82±0.03 |
| MMSE | 0.86±0.02 | 0.95±0.01 | – | – | – |
| Language | 0.88±0.02 | 0.95±0.02 | 0.63±0.02 | – | – |
| Boston naming test | 0.80±0.02 | 0.80±0.02 | – | – | – |
| Vocabulary | 0.86±0.03 | 0.94±0.02 | – | – | – |
| Verbal fluency PAS | n.a. | n.a. | 0.63±0.02 | – | – |
| Verbal fluency animals | n.a. | n.a. | – | – | – |
| Memory | 0.95±0.01 | 0.98±0.00 | 0.68±0.02 | 0.80±0.04 | 0.77±0.02 |
| Word list learning | 0.93±0.03 | 0.95±0.03 | – | – | – |
| WMS figures | 0.90±0.02 | 0.91±0.02 | – | – | – |
| Story immediate recall | n.a. | n.a. | – | – | – |
| Word list recognition | 0.92±0.02 | 0.88±0.03 | – | – | 0.67±0.02 |
| Word list recognition deletion | n.a. | n.a. | 0.61±0.03 | 0.80±0.04 | – |
| Word list recognition false positive | n.a. | n.a. | 0.65±0.02 | – | 0.71±0.02 |
| WMS figures recall | 0.92±0.02 | 0.97±0.01 | 0.62±0.03 | – | – |
| Story recall | n.a. | n.a. | 0.60±0.02 | – | – |
| Visuo-construction | 0.96±0.01 | 0.93±0.01 | – | – | – |
| Block design | 0.91±0.02 | 0.90±0.02 | – | – | – |
| WMS figures copying | 0.91±0.02 | 0.87±0.02 | – | – | – |
| Cubic copying | 0.80±0.03 | 0.79±0.03 | – | – | – |
| Drawing clock | 0.91±0.02 | 0.85±0.02 | – | – | – |
| Executive function | 0.92±0.01 | 0.97±0.01 | 0.64±0.01 | – | 0.70±0.03 |
| Trail making A | 0.90±0.02 | 0.91±0.02 | – | – | – |
| Trail making A mistakes | 0.67±0.07 | 0.61±0.07 | – | – | – |
| Trail making A deletions | 0.65±0.07 | 0.68±0.06 | – | – | – |
| Trail making B | 0.89±0.02 | 0.92±0.02 | – | – | – |
| Trail making B mistakes | 0.85±0.03 | 0.80±0.03 | – | – | – |
| Trail making B deletions | 0.84±0.03 | 0.88±0.02 | – | – | – |
| Wisconsin card sorting categories | 0.80±0.03 | 0.88±0.03 | – | – | – |
| Wisconsin card sorting mistakes | 0.68±0.03 | 0.75±0.03 | – | – | 0.63±0.06 |
| Wisconsin card sorting perseveration | 0.82±0.03 | 0.78±0.03 | – | – | – |
| Wisconsin card sorting right | 0.82±0.02 | 0.88±0.02 | – | – | – |
| Praxias | n.a. | n.a. | 0.64±0.01 | – | 0.69±0.02 |
| Genetic | – | 0.76±0.02 | 0.79±0.01 | 0.99±0.00 | 0.72±0.03 |
| APOE 4 alleles | – | 0.76±0.02 | 0.79±0.03 | 0.93±0.01 | 0.72±0.03 |
| Dementia in family | n.a. | n.a. | 0.64±0.03 | 0.86±0.01 | – |
| APOE genotype | – | 0.76±0.02 | 0.79±0.02 | 0.93±0.01 | 0.72±0.03 |
| MRI | 0.78±0.02 | 0.82±0.01 | 0.65±0.03 | 0.77±0.05 | 0.78±0.03 |
| Frontal lobe | 0.77±0.01 | 0.68±0.02 | 0.60±0.03 | 0.78±0.04 | – |
| Frontal lobe right | 0.72±0.01 | 0.66±0.02 | – | – | – |
| Frontal lobe left | 0.78±0.01 | 0.68±0.02 | 0.60±0.03 | 0.78±0.04 | – |
| Temporal lobe | – | – | – | – | – |
| Temporal lobe right | – | – | – | – | – |
| Temporal lobe left | – | – | – | – | – |
| Hippocampus | 0.76±0.02 | 0.89±0.01 | 0.68±0.03 | – | 0.80±0.02 |
| Right hippocampus | 0.73±0.02 | 0.88±0.02 | 0.70±0.02 | – | 0.77±0.03 |
| Left hippocampus | 0.76±0.02 | 0.86±0.02 | 0.62±0.04 | – | 0.77±0.03 |
| SPECT | 0.70±0.07 | 0.68±0.05 | 0.78±0.01 | 0.76±0.05 | 0.86±0.02 |
| Frontal cortex | 0.62±0.09 | – | – | 0.77±0.04 | – |
| Frontal cortex right | – | – | – | 0.71±0.05 | – |
| Frontal cortex left | 0.62±0.09 | – | – | 0.80±0.04 | – |
| Temporal region | – | 0.66±0.05 | 0.69±0.01 | – | 0.77±0.02 |
| Temporal region right | – | 0.66±0.05 | 0.69±0.01 | – | 0.78±0.02 |
| Temporal region left | – | – | – | – | 0.70±0.02 |
| Parietal cortex | – | – | 0.77±0.04 | – | 0.89±0.01 |
| Parietal cortex right | – | – | 0.78±0.01 | – | 0.88±0.02 |
| Parietal cortex left | – | – | 0.73±0.01 | – | 0.85±0.02 |
| Occipital | – | – | – | – | – |
| Occipital right | – | – | – | – | – |
| Occipital left | – | – | – | – | – |
| Basal ganglia | 0.73±0.05 | 0.68±0.05 | 0.60±0.03 | – | – |
| Basal ganglia right | 0.70±0.06 | – | 0.60±0.03 | – | – |
| Basal ganglia left | 0.73±0.05 | 0.68±0.05 | – | – | – |
| Amygdala-hippocampus | – | – | 0.70±0.01 | – | 0.79±0.02 |
| Amygdala-hippocampus right | – | – | – | – | – |
| Amygdala-hippocampus left | – | – | 0.70±0.01 | – | 0.79±0.02 |
| CSF | n.a. | n.a. | 0.73±0.02 | 0.79±0.04 | 0.64±0.03 |
| Amyloid β42 | n.a. | n.a. | 0.62±0.04 | 0.69±0.05 | – |
| Tau | n.a. | n.a. | 0.72±0.01 | 0.80±0.03 | 0.64±0.03 |
| Total Tau | n.a. | n.a. | 0.72±0.01 | 0.79±0.04 | 0.64±0.03 |
| Phospho Tau | n.a. | n.a. | 0.73±0.01 | 0.77±0.04 | – |
n.a. = Not available, data are not available for controls (C). Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. If the difference between the medians of the groups was not statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.05), the data were excluded from the final analysis and are denoted here with –.
a
Different common symptoms regarded as frontal.