Table 1.

List of specific pathogen-keratin interactions in stratified (orange) and simple (green) epithelia.

	Pathogen	Mechanism	Effect	Cell Type	Reference
	Staphylococcus aureus	Staphylococcal surface protein clumping factor B (ClfB)-dependent adherence to K10	Epithelial colonization	Squamous nasal epithelial cells	[52]
	Streptococcus agalactiae	Streptococcal surface-localized serine-rich repeat protein Srr-1 binding to K4	Epithelial colonization	Saliva extracts	[53]
	Human papilloma virus type 16	Association of HPV type 16 E1^E4 protein with K18 followed by K18-S33 and K18-S52 phosphorylation and ubiquitinylation	Keratin network disruption	SiHa and HaCaT cells	[54]
	Herpes simplex virus type 2	Association of US2 with K18	Keratin network disruption	Vero and A431 cells	[55]
	Herpes simplex virus type 2	Association of US3 with K17 followed by keratin phosphorylation and ubiquitinylation	Keratin network disruption	Hep2 cells	[56]
	Porphyromonas gingivalis	Cleavage of K6 at K357-Y358 and K378-Q379 by lysine-specific gingipain	Induction of inflammation	Gingival epithelial cells	[57]
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Release of K6-derived antibacterial peptides	Bacteriotoxicity	hTCEpi cells	[58]
	Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli	K18-dependent actin filament reorganization	Pathogen docking	HeLa cells	[59]
	Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium	Interaction of secreted Salmonella invasion protein SipC with K18	Pathogen docking	HEp-2 cells	[60]
	Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium	Interaction of Salmonella type III secretion translocon protein SspC with K8	Pathogen docking	HeLa cells	[61]
	Shigella flexneri	Binding of Shigella translocon pore protein IpaC to K18	Pathogen docking		[62]
	Enterobacteriaceae	Binding of the serine protease autotransporter of Enterobacteriaceae Pet to K8	Induction of cytotoxicity	HT-29 and HEp-2 cells	[63]
	Rotavirus	Phosphorylation of K8	Keratin network disruption	HT29 cells	[64]
	Adenovirus	Cleavage of aminoterminal K18 head domain at position 73	Keratin network disruption	HeLa and 293 cells	[65,66]
	Rhinovirus	Cleavage of aminoterminal K8 head domain at position 14 by 2A proteinase	Keratin network disruption	HeLa cell extracts	[67]
	Chlamydia trachomatis	Cleavage of K8 by chlamydial protease-like activity factor CPAF	Keratin network disruption	HeLa cells	[68]
	Chlamydia pneumoniae	Cleavage of K8 and K18 by chlamydial protease-like activity factor CPAF	Keratin network disruption	HL cells	[69]
	Trypanosoma cruzi	Binding of peptide TS9 of glycoprotein gp85 to K8/K18 (K14, K19, K20)	Cytoplasmic proliferation	LLC-MK2 cell extract	[70]
	Spraguea lophii	Phosphorylation of K4 and K13 in the outer spore envelope	Polar tube release		[71]