Table 2.
Quality critique of trials with Cochrane Collaboration Tool for assessing risk of bias [15].
| Author, Year | Selection Bias | Performance Bias | Detection Bias | Attrition Bias | Reporting Bias | Other Bias | Overall Risk of Bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Random Sequence Generation and Allocation Concealment | Blinding or Participants and Personnel | Blinding Outcome Assessment | Incomplete Outcome Data | Selective Reporting | Other Sources of Bias (e.g., Carry Over Effect, Confounding, Adherence to Intervention) | ||
| Mellor, 2013 [20] | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Sarria, 2014 [21] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear |
| Carnevale, 2012 [22] | Low | High | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Mellor, 2010 [23] | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Burton-Freeman, 2010 [24] | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | High | Unclear |
| Basu, 2014 [25] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Auclair, 2010 [26] | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Rankin, 2008 [27] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear |
| Ruel, 2013 [19] | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Edirisinghe, 2011 [28] | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear |
| Wright, 2013 [29] | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Clerici, 2011 [30] | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear |
| Yang, 2010 [31] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear |
| Moreno-Luna, 2012 [32] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Ruano, 2005 [33] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear |
| Widmer, 2013 [18] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
| deMaat, 2000 [34] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Hakim, 2003 [35] | Unclear | High | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Abu-Amsha Caccetta, 2001 [36] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear |