Table 5.
Effect of fruit polyphenols oxidative stress at baseline and post-intervention.
| Author, Year | Risk Factors for CVD | Intervention/s | Marker Measured | Results | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Mean ± SD) | Post Intervention | p-Value | Δ | ||||
| Auclair, 2010 [26] | High cholesterol | 40 g/d Freeze-dried golden delicious apple powder (0.21 g/d polyphenols) + ½ glass of water for 4 weeks | FRAP (µM Fe2+/mL) | 1047 ± 125 | 1021 ± 121 | NS | −26 |
| ORAC (103 µmol TE/L) | 14.1 ± 2.8 | 13.5 ± 2.5 | NS | −0.6 | |||
| 40 g/d of Freeze-dried cider apple powder (1.43 g/d polyphenols) with ½ glass of water for 4 weeks | FRAP (µM Fe2+/mL) | 1026 ± 102 | 1057 ± 147 | NS | +31 | ||
| ORAC (103 µmol TE/L) | 14.1 ± 2.7 | 13.4 ± 2.4 | NS | −0.7 | |||
| Basu, 2014 [25] | Obese and elevated serum lipids | 25 g/day calorie and fibre matched control with 474 mL water for 12 weeks | MDA and HNE (µmol/L) | 2.3 ± 2.3 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | NS | −0.2 |
| 25 g/day freeze-dried strawberry (1.08 g/d flavonoids) with 474 mL water for 12 weeks | MDA and HNE (µmol/L) | 1.9 ± 2.3 | 1.3 ± 1.5 | NS | −0.3 | ||
| 50 g/day calorie and fibre matched control with 474 mL water for 12 weeks | MDA and HNE (µmol/L) | 2.4 ± 2.3 | 2.3 ± 1.5 | NS | −0.1 | ||
| 50 g/day freeze dried strawberry (2.16 g/d polyphenols) with 474 mL water for 12 weeks | MDA and HNE (µmol/L) | 1.8 ± 2.3 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | NS | −0.6 | ||
| Rankin, 2008 [27] | Obesity | 90 g of a isocaloric placebo for 2 weeks | Urinary 8-epiPGF 2-α (pg/mg CR) | 4298.2 ± 1446 | 3485.0 ± 1173 | NS | −813.2 |
| ORACtotal (μmol/LTE) | 8335.7 ± 1762 | 8403.1 ± 1776 | 0.05 | 67.4 | |||
| 90 g of raisins for 2 weeks | Urinary 8-epiPGF 2-α (pg/mg CR) | 4164.1 ± 1432.8 | 3107.6 ± 1069.3 | <0.05 | −1056.5 | ||
| ORACtotal (μmol/LTE) | 7163.0 ± 1514.2 | 7614.0 ± 1609.6 | <0.05 | 451 | |||
| Ruel, 2013 [19] | Overweight | 500 mL/d Placebo juice (0.08 g/d polyphenol) for 4 weeks | oxLDL (U/L) | NP | NP | NP | 2.9 ± 10.9 |
| 500 mL/d Cranberry juice (0.21 g/d polyphenol) for 4 weeks | oxLDL (U/L) | NP | NP | NP | 2.3 ± 15.4 | ||
Abbreviations: NS, not significant and value not provided; NP, not provided; FRAP, ferric reducing ability of plasma; ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity; TE, Trolox equivalents; MDA and HNE, malondialdehyde and hydroxynonenal; 8-epiPGF2-α, 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha.