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. 2016 Sep 29;6:34497. doi: 10.1038/srep34497

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a) Representative immunofluorescence image of cartilage sections from rats intra-articularly injected with Ad-Tak1. Green: GFP, blue: DAPI. C: cartilage, M: meniscus, S: synovium. Scale bar, 100 μm. (b) Representative images of rat articular cartilage from normal, Ad-C, Ad-Tak1 L and Ad-Tak1 H groups. (c) Representative gross appearance of rat joints from each group. (d) SEM, H&E and toluidine blue staining of articular cartilage from each group. Scale bar, 100 μm. (e) OARSI scores of articular cartilage from each group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. (f) IHC staining of type II collagen, MMP13 and IL-6 of articular cartilage from each group. Scale bar, 100 μm. (g) The biomechanical properties including elastic modulus, hardness and load-displacement curves of cartilage surface from each group. *P < 0.05. (h) Microscopic geomorphology of cartilage surface from each group.