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. 2016 Sep 29;6:34497. doi: 10.1038/srep34497

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a) H&E and toluidine blue staining of human OA cartilage explant treated with 5Z-7. Scale bar, 200 μm. (b) Toluidine blue staining of the articular cartilage from normal, DMM and DMM + 5Z-7 group (10 days after DMM surgery). Scale bar, 100 μm. (c) The SEM, H&E and toluidine blue staining of the articular cartilage from normal, DMM, DMM + 5Z-7 L and DMM + 5Z-7 H group (one month after DMM surgery). Scale bar, 100 μm. (d) OARSI scores of the articular cartilage from each group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. (e) IHC staining of type II collagen, MMP13 and IL-6 of the cartilage from each group. Scale bar, 100 μm. (f) The working model of how pharmacological TAK1 inhibition protects against OA development.