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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 Jul 19;111(9):1350–1357. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.288

Table 2.

Tumor and treatment characteristics of diabetic cohort stratified by metformin use

Tumor/treatment characteristic Metformin (n=1,098) No metformin (n=818) P value Adjusted P valuea
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage 0.45 NA
 Stage I 81 (8.3%) 60 (8.8%)
 Stage II 241 (24.8%) 171 (25.1%)
 Stage III 82 (8.4%) 68 (10.0%)
 Stage IV 567 (58.3%) 382 (56.1%)
Cancer-directed surgery 145 (13.3%) 74 (9.2%) <0.01 NA
Radiation 148 (13.6%) 72 (9.0%) <0.01 NA
Chemotherapy 342 (31.2%) 185 (22.6%) <0.01 NA
Specific medication
 Sulfonylurea 448 (40.8%) 279 (34.1%) <0.01 0.98
 Insulin 328 (29.9%) 494 (60.4%) <0.01 0.62
 TZD 288 (26.2%) 198 (24.2%) 0.31 0.99
 Meglitinide 45 (4.1%) 56 (6.9%) <0.01 0.98
 DPP4 inhibitor 152 (13.8%) 87 (10.6%) 0.04 0.98
Survival; months (s.d.) 5.5 (8.2) 4.2 (7.2) <0.01 NA

DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; TZD, thiazolidinediones.

a

Reflects differences between groups after adjusting for propensity score for metformin