. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 Jul 19;111(9):1350–1357. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.288

Table 4.

Propensity score adjusted Cox-proportional hazards model for metformin

Variable	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P value
Metformin	0.88 (0.81–0.96)	<0.01
Stage
I (ref)
II	1.19 (1.01–1.40)	0.03
III	1.43 (1.18–1.73)	<0.01
IV	2.40 (2.07–2.78)	<0.01
Surgery	0.41 (0.34–0.49)	<0.01
Radiation	0.56 (0.48–0.65)	<0.01
Chemotherapy	0.39 (0.35–0.43)	<0.01

CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DCSI, diabetic comorbidity severity index; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; TZD, thiazolidinediones.

Variables included in propensity analysis for metformin: age, sex, marital status, DCSI, Charlson Score, CKD, income quartile, insulin, sulfonylurea, TZD, meglitinide, DPP4, alpha glucosidase inhibitor.