Table 1.

Source of bioactive compounds from endophytes and their use against pathogenic microorganisms.

Source of endophytes	Bioactive compounds from endophytes	Cure against pathogen	Mode of transmission of the pathogen	Reference
Boesenbergia rotunda Streptomyces coelicolor	Munumbicins	Escherichia coli	Ground meats, raw or under pasteurized milk	Golinska et al., 2015 Singh and Dubey, 2015
Chloridium sp. Allamanda cathartica	Javanicin Munumbicins Phomopsilactone	Pseudomonas sp.	Contaminated water or surgical instruments	Jalgaonwala et al., 2011 Nithya and Muthumary, 2011
Cladosporium sp.	Cardiac glycosides, phenolic compounds	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Contaminated water and aerosols	Selvi and Balagengatharathilagam, 2014
Cladosporium sp.	Cardiac glycosides, phenolic compounds	Proteus sp.	Canned food products	Selvi and Balagengatharathilagam, 2014
Cryptosporiopsis quercina	Saadamycin	Campylobacter jejuni	Raw or uncooked poultry and milk	Dutta et al., 2014
Cytonaema sp.	Cytonic acids A and B	Human cytomegalovirus. Hepatitis virus	Shellfish, berries or contaminated water	Bhardwaj and Agrawal, 2014
Diaporthe helianthi	Fabatin, tyrosol	Enterococcus hirae	Nosocomial infection through hospitalized patients	Godstime et al., 2014 Specian et al., 2012
Fusarium proliferatum	Beauvericin	Clostridium botulinum	Improperly processed, canned food	Meca et al., 2010
Fusarium proliferatum	Kakadumycin, beauvericin	Listeria monocytogenes	Raw or under pasteurized milk, Smoked fish	Golinska et al., 2015 Meca et al., 2010
Fusarium sp. Cryptosporiopsis quercina	Xularosides, munumbicins, Saadamycin, cryptocandin	Candida albicans	Contaminated sweet fruits and milk products	Jalgaonwala et al., 2011 Dutta et al., 2014
Ganoderma boninense	Rapamycin, cyclododecane, petalostemumol	Bacillus subtilis	Rice, pastas, raw milk and meat products	Parthasarathi et al., 2012; Ismail et al., 2014
Hypericum perforatum, Diaporthe helianthi	Hypericin, emodin, tyrosol	Salmonella sp.	Meat, eggs, and untreated tree nuts	Joseph and Priya, 2011 Specian et al., 2012
Nigrospora sp.	Saadamycin	Fusarium oxysporum	Maize, cereals, groundnuts and tree nuts	El-Gendy and El-Bondkly, 2010; Dutta et al., 2014
Phomopsis sp. Cinnamomum mollissimum	Munumbicins, Saadamycin	Aspergillus niger	Maize, cereals, groundnuts, and tree nuts	Jalgaonwala et al., 2011 Kaul et al., 2012
Saccharothrix mutabilis, Streptomyces sp.	Capreomycin Munumbicins	Mycoplasm (TB)	Uncooked meat, eggs or poultry	Felnagle et al., 2007 Golinska et al., 2015
Streptomyces hygroscopicus	Clethramycin	Cryptococcus neoformans	Lettuce harvested from tropical regions	Golinska et al., 2015
Streptomyces lygroscopicus	Coronamycin, rapamycin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Bakery and fermented products	Ezra et al., 2004; Parthasarathi et al., 2012
Streptomyces sp.	Kakadumycin A, hypericin	Shigella sp.	Contaminated food, water and fecal waste	Golinska et al., 2015 Joseph and Priya, 2011
Streptomyces sp. Achyranthes bidentata, Phoma sp., Saurauia scaberrinae	Terephthalic acid Phomodione	Staphylococcus aureus	Meat, eggs and dairy products	Hoffman et al., 2008
Streptomyces sp., Kennedia nigricans	Munumbicins	Vibrio cholerae	Raw or undercooked shellfish, particularly oysters	Kumar et al., 2014
Streptomyces tsusimaensis	Valinomycin	Corona virus	Food or water contaminated with infected fecal matter	Alvin et al., 2014
Thottea grandiflora	Streptomyces	Bacillus cereus	Uncooked meat and raw milk	Joseph and Priya, 2011
Xylaria sp.	dihydroxynaphthol, glucopyranoside	Herpes virus	Contaminated body fluid or saliva	Pittayakhajonwut et al., 2005
Xylaria sp.	Phenolic compounds	Streptococcus pyogenes	Contaminated water, raw milk, salads and eggs	Selvi and Balagengatharathilagam, 2014
Xylaria sp. Ginkgo biloba Fusarium proliferatum	Sordaricin 7 amino-4-methylcoumarin, Beauvericin	Yersinia enterocolitica	Swine meat and meat products, milk and dairy products	Joseph and Priya, 2011 Meca et al., 2010