Table 3.
Obstetric outcomes according to gestational diabetes mellitus treatment groups
| Treatment groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome variable | Overall | Diet | Insulin | P-value* |
| N (%) | 820 | 460 (56.1) | 360 (43.9) | |
| Induction of labour, n (%) | 533 (65.0) | 271 (58.9) | 262 (72.8) | NA a |
| Delivery type, n (%) | ||||
| Spontaneous | 561 (68.4) | 317 (68.9) | 244 (67.8) | NS |
| Instrumental b | 67 (8.2) | 46 (10.0) | 21 (5.8) | NS |
| Caesarean section | 99 (12.1) | 60 (13.0) | 39 (10.8) | NS |
| Planned caesarean section | 93 (11.3) | 37 (8.0) | 56 (15.6) | 0.001 |
| Preeclampsia, n (%) c | 28 (3.4) | 16 (3.5) | 12 (3.3) | NS |
| Gestational hypertension, n (%) | 75 (9.1) | 43 (9.3) | 32 (8.9) | NS |
Data are expressed as proportion n (%)
Abbreviations: NS not significant, NA not applicable
* P-values were based on chi-square test for categorical variables
a Not applicable, insulin therapy is one of the indications to induce labour in GDM pregnancy at or around 38 weeks of gestation
b Instrumental is defined as forceps and vacuum extraction
c Preeclampsia included eclampsia (n = 1) and Hemolysis Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets (HELLP) syndrome (n = 1)