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. 2016 Sep 29;16:225. doi: 10.1186/s12866-016-0843-z

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 5 — Adherence of pneumococcal serotype 6A to pharyngeal epithelial cells following pre-administration of treated S. salivarius K12. Approximately 1.5 × 10⁶ CFU pneumococci were added to D562 monolayers at an MOI of 10:1. Pneumococcal adherence was determined when incubated with pneumococci alone (Pnc, normalised to 100 %), or pre-incubated for 1 h with approximately 1.5 × 10⁷ CFU S. salivarius K12 (untreated), or treated with sodium periodate, Pronase E, heat-killed (heat), or spectinomycin. Data are mean + SD; n ≥ 3. * indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.001 when compared to Pnc alone (Student’s t test)