. 2016 Sep 29;16:225. doi: 10.1186/s12866-016-0843-z

Table 3.

Pneumococcal adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells following pre-administration of S. salivarius K12 by various methods

		Pneumococcal adherence^a
		Direct		Transwell		Direct + wash
Pneumococcal serotype	K12 Dose^c	% (95 % CI)	p value^b	% (95 % CI)	p value^b	% (95 % CI)	p value^b
6A	High	16.6 (6.8, 26.5)	<0.001	90.5 (23.9, 157.1)	0.698	25 (12.5, 37.4)	<0.001
	Medium	19.6 (14.7, 24.4)	<0.001	61.5 (18.4, 104.5)	0.049	45.2 (21.9, 68.5)	<0.001
	Low	35.4 (12.3, 58.5)	<0.001	44.1 (22.8, 65.5)	<0.001	45.1 (29.1, 61.1)	<0.001
19F	High	10.4 (2.5, 18.4)	<0.001	84.7 (33.6, 135.7)	0.338	41.8 (17.6, 66.4)	<0.001
	Medium	21.8 (1.7, 41.8)	<0.001	121.3 (16.5, 226.2)	0.581	31.4 (13.2, 49.6)	<0.001
	Low	50.7 (33.8, 67.5)	<0.001	102.2 (33.7, 170.5)	0.933	45.3 (16.7, 74.0)	<0.001

^aDirect: pre-administration of K12 directly onto D562 monolayer; Transwells: pre-administration of K12 via transwell inserts; Direct + wash: pre-administration of K12 directly onto D562 monolayers followed by a washing step to remove non-adherent K12

^b p values calculated from pneumococcal adherence alone compared to pneumococcal adherence following different methods of K12 pre-administration (Student’s t test, *p < 0.05)

^cHigh: ~1.5 × 10⁷ CFU/ml; Medium: ~1.5 × 10⁶ CFU/ml and Low: ~1.5 × 10⁵ CFU/ml