Table 2.

Comparison of plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and GIP before and after the administration of acarbose

	75-g glucose test			Mixed meal test
Parameters	Control group (N = 14)	OGTT group Before§ (N = 11)	OGTT group After☆ (N = 11)	Control group (N = 14)	MMT group Before (N = 12)	MMT group After (N = 12)
Plasma glucose(mmol/L)
0 min	4.77 ± 0.13	6.95 ± 0.56**	6.67 ± 0.51	4.73 ± 0.11	6.53 ± 0.36△△	6.49 ± 0.30
15 min	7.29 ± 0.25	8.88 ± 0.59*	9.16 ± 0.57	6.46 ± 0.21#	7.69 ± 0.44△	6.72 ± 0.31▲
30 min	8.47 ± 0.42	11.29 ± 0.60**	11.23 ± 0.66	7.59 ± 0.22	9.92 ± 0.47△△	7.39 ± 0.47▲▲
60 min	7.74 ± 0.50	13.66 ± 0.83**	12.89 ± 0.78	6.62 ± 0.38	13.22 ± 0.66△△	8.70 ± 0.48▲▲
90 min	6.17 ± 0.32	13.80 ± 0.95**	13.43 ± 1.03	5.17 ± 0.30	13.11 ± 0.87△△	9.45 ± 0.61▲▲
120 min	5.58 ± 0.18	12.95 ± 1.06**	12.39 ± 1.16	5.36 ± 0.26	11.65 ± 1.03△△	9.11 ± 0.72▲▲
Insulin (pmol/L)
0 min	44.96 ± 4.86	62.66 ± 9.27	63.15 ± 9.63	47.32 ± 7.43	61.73 ± 10.03	40.08 ± 18.76
15 min	437.26 ± 70.09	196.51 ± 70.16**	194.43 ± 41.90	419.56 ± 114.74	118.39 ± 14.66△△	102.41 ± 24.43
30 min	586.97 ± 65.15	330.84 ± 76.93*	254.87 ± 41.78	566.20 ± 114.52	213.46 ± 50.03△△	128.99 ± 28.18▲▲
60 min	646.02 ± 136.59	448.28 ± 72.11	395.81 ± 45.47	497.23 ± 123.59	321.36 ± 71.54	178.20 ± 43.16▲▲
90 min	492.54 ± 91.56	563.69 ± 95.32	501.14 ± 65.87	377.62 ± 104.38	387.32 ± 79.81	229.93 ± 67.12▲▲
120 min	288.95 ± 47.35	453.19 ± 63.14	480.14 ± 72.53	248.76 ± 83.14	353.76 ± 65.63△	196.95 ± 48.54▲▲
Glucagon (pmol/L)
0 min	70.24 ± 5.94	74.92 ± 8.21	70.05 ± 6.58	74.24 ± 4.83	80.54 ± 5.77	61.62 ± 6.18▲▲
15 min	75.72 ± 8.68	78.52 ± 8.37	81.32 ± 11.82	92.13 ± 7.47	99.40 ± 8.40	77.88 ± 9.07▲
30 min	69.41 ± 6.97	83.81 ± 6.48	70.83 ± 5.63	70.82 ± 4.35	94.35 ± 8.82△	88.34 ± 8.28
60 min	69.46 ± 7.10	63.09 ± 5.39	61.28 ± 7.00	62.31 ± 3.87	79.23 ± 7.47	77.06 ± 6.41
90 min	59.01 ± 5.61	64.00 ± 8.29	51.41 ± 6.32	63.80 ± 3.72	82.20 ± 8.10△	73.31 ± 9.72
120 min	59.81 ± 4.24	58.38 ± 6.90	55.25 ± 6.33	74.24 ± 4.83	63.20 ± 4.34	60.14 ± 7.74
GLP-1 (pmol/L)
0 min	37.02 ± 3.95	36.46 ± 4.84	44.53 ± 6.73	35.90 ± 3.08	30.54 ± 4.71	41.87 ± 6.80
15 min	39.79 ± 5.79	33.51 ± 5.76	42.29 ± 5.62	35.85 ± 4.49	43.90 ± 6.58	36.43 ± 7.72
30 min	29.89 ± 3.04	32.93 ± 6.06	35.29 ± 4.22	33.66 ± 3.91	37.48 ± 5.21	35.44 ± 5.83
60 min	33.18 ± 3.72	35.19 ± 4.78	35.82 ± 6.88	30.20 ± 4.09	35.44 ± 4.80	43.42 ± 6.58
90 min	29.34 ± 3.17	37.05 ± 5.60	39.81 ± 7.89	28.45 ± 3.07	39.12 ± 5.01	35.33 ± 4.98
120 min	31.20 ± 5.17	30.73 ± 4.22	29.42 ± 5.20	31.51 ± 3.37	41.48 ± 5.74	32.58 ± 5.43
GIP (pmol/L)
0 min	31.85 ± 3.61	31.94 ± 12.18	43.53 ± 13.96	37.33 ± 5.93	34.36 ± 3.67	33.86 ± 8.82
15 min	46.19 ± 4.97	82.50 ± 26.80	55.12 ± 13.82	78.87 ± 15.89#	58.42 ± 19.96	31.27 ± 6.20
30 min	41.39 ± 5.89	52.65 ± 22.53	56.66 ± 17.46	68.23 ± 16.42	76.52 ± 16.98	41.99 ± 8.97▲
60 min	41.30 ± 4.87	76.49 ± 13.61*	72.78 ± 19.30	42.36 ± 8.21	78.95 ± 25.37	59.34 ± 13.92
90 min	50.07 ± 10.14	59.62 ± 18.67	94.76 ± 25.21	61.43 ± 14.92	88.63 ± 25.35	63.57 ± 18.41
120 min	52.23 ± 9.94	65.50 ± 21.84	57.68 ± 9.81	50.39 ± 8.80	72.86 ± 20.73	33.46 ± 4.32

*P < 0.05 OGTT group vs. controls before the administration of acarbose

**P < 0.01 OGTT group vs. controls before the administration of acarbose

^# P < 0.05 P < 0.05 MTT vs. OGTT in conrols

△P < 0.05 MMT group vs. controls group before the administration of acarbose

△△P < 0.01 MMT group vs. controls before the administration of acarbose

^▲ P < 0.05 MMT group before and after the administration of acarbose

^▲▲ P < 0.01 MMT group before and after the administration of acarbose

^§Before the administration of acarbose

^☆: After the administration of acarbose