Figure 5.

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). (A) The 5′-PPP and 5′-OH forms of panhandle RNAs (1 μM) were tested for their ability to induce RIG-I dependent IFN-β expression by a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) (left). RIG-I siRNA was transfected into the cells for RIG-I knockdown (right). The transfection agent, PEI (medium) and a viral dsRNA mimetic, poly (I:C), were included as negative and positive controls, respectively. (B) The ISG56 expression test of iav RNAs, cont- RNAs, and 5′-OH-Kink. Representative data from three independent experiments are shown. *P < 0.05; **P <0.01; ns, not significant. Error bars, s.d. Black asterisks indicates the comparison to the medium only. Red asterisks indicates the comparison to the control siRNA. (C) Full sequences of RNAs used for the stimulation. The sequences in the dotted box represented the helical bend or kink structure.