Table 1.
List of apoptosis-associated miRNAs in breast cancer.
| miRNA | Target gene | Function of miRNA | Breast cancer cell lines/in vivo models | Citation | miRNA Cancer/normal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fold Change | p-value | |||||
| PRO-APOPTOTIC miRs | ||||||
| miR-7-5p | PSME3 | Inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo | MDA-MB-231, MCF7, and nude mice | Shi et al., 2015 | 2.08 | S |
| miR-15/16 | RPS6KB1 | Inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell cycle arrest and caspase-3 dependent apoptosis | MDA-MB-231, MCF7 | Janaki Ramaiah et al., 2014 | 1.71, 1.44 | S, S |
| miR-15a-5p | SNCG, CCNE1 | Mediates cell cycle arrest and promotes cell apoptosis | MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-231 | Luo et al., 2013 | 1.71 | S |
| miR-15a-3p | BCL2L1 | Inhibits the expression of BCL2L1 and activates caspase-3/7 activity to promote apoptosis | MDA-MB-231 | Druz et al., 2013 | ND | ND |
| miR-16-5p | CCND1, BCL2, METTL13 | Decreases cell growth and proliferation and induces apoptosis. Repression of METTL13 by miR-16 promotes apoptosis of cancer cells | MCF7 | Rivas et al., 2012 | 1.44 | S |
| mir-24-2-5p | BCL-2 | mir-24-2-5p induces apoptosis by targeting BCL-2 | MCF7 | Srivastava et al., 2011 | ND | ND |
| miR-26a | MTDH, EZH2, MCL1 | Induces cell apoptosis and suppresses tumorigenesis in vivo | MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and nude mice | Zhang et al., 2011; Gao et al., 2013 | 0.72 | S |
| Repression of MCL1 by miR-26a suppresses cell growth and proliferation | ||||||
| miR-26b | SLC7A11 | Impairs viability and induces cell apoptosis | MCF7 | Liu X. X. et al., 2011 | 0.83 | S |
| miR-31 | PRKCE (PKCϵ) | Enhances cell apoptosis, inhibits oncogenic NF-κB pathway and brings about indirect downregulation of BCL2 | MCF10A, MDA-MB-231. | Körner et al., 2013 | 1.07 | NS |
| miR-34a | BCL2, SIRT1, FRA1, LMTK3, AXL, NOTCH1, LDHA | Suppresses cells proliferation, glycolysis, migration, invasion, and induces apoptosis. Reduces cancer stem cell properties and increases sensitivity to doxorubicin treatment. | MCF7, MDA-MB-231, BT549, Hs578T, and nude mice | Mackiewicz et al., 2011; Li et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2013; Park et al., 2014; Xiao et al., 2016 | 1.09 | NS |
| miR-124 | Ets-1 | Induces cell apoptosis, reduces cell proliferation, and colony formation. | MCF7, MDA-MB-231. | Li W. et al., 2014 | 1.1 | S |
| miR-125a | ELAVL1 | Promotes apoptosis and inhibits cell growth and proliferation | MCF7 | Guo et al., 2009 | 0.68 | S |
| miR-125b | MUC1, EPO, EPOR, ENPEP, CK2-α, CCNJ, MEGF9, ERBB2, ARID3B | miR-125b promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis and regulates cell motility | ZR-75-1, BT549, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 | Rajabi et al., 2010; Akhavantabasi et al., 2012; Feliciano et al., 2013; Ferracin et al., 2013 | 0.27 | S |
| miR-145 | RTKN, c-Myc | Induces cell apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell growth | MCF7 | Sachdeva et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2009 | 0.17 | S |
| miR-146a/b | IRAK1, TRAF6 | Mediates tumor suppression and triggers apoptosis | MCF7 | Liu et al., 2015 | 1.11, 1.54 | NS, S |
| miR-290-3p | ARID4B | miR-290 enhances ER signaling and increases apoptosis thereby suppressing breast cancer progression | 6DT1, MVT-1 | Goldberger et al., 2013 | ND | ND |
| miR-486-5p | PIM-1 | Suppresses cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, induces G0/G1 arrest, and promotes apoptosis | MDA-MB-231, T47D and nude mice | Zhang et al., 2014 | 0.07 | S |
| miR-497 | Bcl-w (Bcl2L2) | Inhibits cellular growth and enhances apoptosis, promotes G0/G1 cell phase arrest | MCF7 | Shen et al., 2012 | 0.38 | S |
| miR-502-5p | TRAF2 | Enhances early apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells | MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10A | Sun et al., 2014 | ND | ND |
| miR-769-3p | NDRG1 | Inhibits cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis | MCF7 | Luo et al., 2014 | ND | ND |
| miR-874 | CDK9 | Induces cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation and brings about cell cycle arrest | MCF7, MDA-MB-231 | Wang L. et al., 2014 | 0.77 | S |
| miR-99a | mTOR | Induces cell apoptosis and suppresses cell viability | MCF7, MDA-MB-231 | Hu et al., 2014 | 0.22 | S |
| ANTI-APOPTOTIC miRs | ||||||
| miR-21 | BCL2, TIMP3, PDCD4, PTEN, TPM1, MASPIN, ANKRD46 | miR-21 inhibition suppress both cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo miR-21 promotes invasion in breast cancer cells | MCF7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and nude mice | Zhu et al., 2007; Frankel et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2009; Song et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2011; Yan et al., 2011 | 4.81 | S |
| miR-24-3p | p27Kip1 | Promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis | MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-468 | Lu et al., 2015 | 0.94 | NS |
| miR-100 | MTMR3 | Antagonism of miR-100 led to G2/M cell-cycle arrest and induce apoptosis | SK-BR-3 | He et al., 2015 | 0.23 | S |
| miR-155 | FOXO3a, SOCS1, RHOA | Induces cell survival and plays an important role in chemoresistance in breast cancer. | MCF7, MDA-MB-231 | Kong et al., 2008, 2010; Jiang et al., 2010 | 2.24 | S |
| miR-155 | TP53INP1 | miR-155 mediates cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis | MCF7 | Zhang et al., 2013 | 2.24 | S |
| miR-96/182 | PFN1, FOXO1 | miR-182 promotes proliferation and invasion and inhibits apoptosis of breast cancer cells | MDA-MB-231, MCF7 | Guttilla and White, 2009; Liu et al., 2013 | miR-182 (5.31) | S |
| miR-96 (7.35) | S | |||||
| miR-196a | ANXA1 | Enhances cell proliferation, colony formation and suppresses apoptosis | T47D, MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 | Luthra et al., 2008 | 5.12 | S |
| miR-221/222 | PTEN, PUMA, CASP3, p27Kip1 | Enforced expression of miR-221/222 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion and inhibits apoptosis by targeting and blocking caspase-3 expression | MCF7, SKBR3, HCC1500, MDA-MB- 231, | Miller et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2010; Ergun and Oztuzcu, 2014; Li et al., 2016 | miR-221 (0.81), miR-222 (0.79) | S, S |
| miR-210 | RAD52, GPD1L | miR-210 overexpression inhibits apoptosis | MCF7 | Crosby et al., 2009; Fasanaro et al., 2009 | 5.46 | S |
| miR-504 | P53 | miR-504 overexpression reduces p53 mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in response to stress | MCF7 and nude mice | Hu et al., 2010 | 0.73 | S |