Table 2.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Internal Consistency of Psychosocial Variables of Choice, Control, and Change Curriculum Implemented in New York City Middle Schools
| Scale | Prefactor loadingd | Postfactor loadingd | α at Pre | α at Post |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goal intentiona | ||||
| Will you drink less soda and other sweetened beverages? | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Will you walk or take stairs more? | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Cognitive outcome expectationsb | ||||
| I believe that drinking lots of sweetened beverages… | 0.76 | 0.822 | ||
| Contributes to our developing high blood pressure | 0.720 | 0.823 | 3 | |
| Contributes to our developing diabetes | 0.819 | 0.862 | ||
| Contributes to weight gain | 0.625 | 0.657 | ||
| I believe walking or stair climbing… | 0.77 | 0.790 | ||
| Contributes to weight gain | 0.801 | 0.781 | 5 | |
| Contributes to our developing high blood pressure | 0.789 | 0.834 | ||
| Affective outcome expectationsb | ||||
| I believe that drinking lots of sweetened beverages… | 0.69 | 0.729 | ||
| Is satisfying | 0.620 | 0.673 | 2 | |
| Is cool | 0.780 | 0.789 | ||
| Is important to me | 0.578 | 0.616 | ||
| I believe walking or stair climbing… | 0.76 | 0.776 | ||
| Is cool | 0.805 | 0.743 | 1 | |
| Is important to me | 0.764 | 0.855 | ||
| Self-efficacyc | ||||
| How sure are you that you could drink LESS soda or sweetened beverages… | 0.774 | 0.797 | ||
| When you are at home? | 0.806 | 0.797 | ||
| When you eat meals with your family? | 0.749 | 0.775 | ||
| When you are with your friends (i.e., after school, weekend)? | 0.637 | 0.687 | ||
| How sure are you that you could walk instead of taking the subway or bus… | 0.834 | 0.866 | ||
| When you are with your family? | 0.585 | 0.652 | ||
| When you are with your friends? | 0.544 | 0.654 | ||
| When you do not have enough energy? | 0.532 | 0.605 | ||
| To exercise? | 0.697 | 0.653 | ||
| How sure are you that you could take the stairs instead of taking an elevator or escalator… | ||||
| When you are with your family? | 0.650 | 0.693 | ||
| When you are with your friends? | 0.695 | 0.755 | ||
| When you do not have enough energy? | 0.589 | 0.669 | ||
| To exercise? | 0.687 | 0.666 | ||
| Perceived barriersb | ||||
| It is difficult to eat healthy because… | 0.810 | 0.831 | ||
| It is difficult to resist the soda/sweetened beverages that are available in vending machines and stores | 0.692 | 0.718 | ||
| It is difficult to resist the supersized food and beverages that are available | 0.785 | 0.806 | ||
| It is difficult to pass up the cheaper price of the larger sizes of foods and beverages | 0.752 | 0.812 | ||
| It is difficult to select healthy options that are available in school and stores in my neighborhood | 0.644 | 0.637 | ||
| It is difficult to be physically active because… | 0.78 | 0.777 | ||
| I think walking to places is too much trouble | 0.685 | 0.729 | 1 | |
| Walking is too much work when subways and buses are so convenient to places near by | 0.773 | 0.742 | ||
| It is too tiring to walk the stairs to get to my destination | 0.755 | 0.723 | ||
| Autonomous motivationc | ||||
| Related to eating | 0.92 | 0.922 | ||
| I can set a goal for healthy eating | 0.728 | 0.717 | 1 | |
| When I have a goal for healthy eating, I can follow it through pretty well | 0.748 | 0.747 | ||
| I know how to assess my food intake | 0.684 | 0.720 | ||
| I enjoy keeping track of my eating patterns | 0.672 | 0.611 | ||
| I enjoy making healthy food choices | 0.722 | 0.736 | ||
| I am very interested in having healthier eating patterns | 0.722 | 0.698 | ||
| I feel confident in my ability to make healthy food choices | 0.745 | 0.727 | ||
| I am capable of making changes in my eating habits to make them healthier | 0.724 | 0.755 | ||
| I am capable of maintaining healthy eating habits | 0.731 | 0.752 | ||
| I can take control of my food choices | 0.641 | 0.644 | ||
| I can make good decisions about what I eat | 0.641 | 0.667 | ||
| Related to physical activity | 0.760 | 0.780 | 0.94 | 0.939 |
| I can set a goal for being physically active | 0.818 | 0.821 | 1 | |
| When I have a goal for being physically active, I can follow it through pretty well | 0.771 | 0.784 | ||
| I know how to assess my physical activity | 0.722 | 0.723 | ||
| I enjoy keeping track of my own physical activity | 0.731 | 0.764 | ||
| I am currently doing exercise for pleasure | 0.699 | 0.709 | ||
| I feel confident in my ability to be physically active | 0.781 | 0.737 | ||
| I am capable of making changes in my physical activity habits to make them healthier | 0.753 | 0.718 | ||
| I am capable of maintaining an activity routine | 0.753 | 0.751 | ||
| I can take control of how much physical activity I get | 0.740 | 0.735 | ||
| I can make good decisions to be physically more active | 0.759 | 0.718 | ||
| Model fit | ||||
| RMSEA (90% confidence interval) | 0.041 (0.039, 0.043) | 0.043 (0.041, 0.045) | NA | NA |
| CFI | 0.909 | 0.910 | ||
| TLI | 0.901 | 0.903 | ||
Response options: (a) 1 = will not do it within the next 6 months, 2 = will try within the next 6 months, 3 = plan to do it in a month or so, 4 = currently doing it for past 1–6 months, and 5 = have been doing it for over past 6 months; (b) 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = uncertain, 4 = agree, and 5 = strongly agree; (c) 1 = not sure, 2 = a little sure, 3 = somewhat sure, and 4 = very sure; and (d) standardized.
CFI, comparative fit index; NA, not applicable; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; TLI = Tucker–Lewis index.