Table 5.
Outcomes in PRISON and PRISON+ groups
| Outcome | Studies in PRISON category | Studies in PRISON+ category | All studies | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of studies measuring outcome | Outcome (n/N) | Summary percentage (95 % CI)a | Number of studies measuring outcome | Outcome (n/N) | Summary percentage (95 % CI)a | Total number of studies measuring outcome | Overall summary percentage (95 % CI)a | |
| Low birthweight | 5 | 36/333 | 9 · 3 (6 · 2–12 · 4) | 0 | N/A | N/A | 5 | 9 · 3 (6 · 2–12 · 4) |
| Caesareanb | 3 | 37/137 | 26 · 5 (12 · 7–40 · 3)b | 3 | 56/396 | 12 · 9 (8 · 3–17 · 6)b | 6 | N/A |
| Stillbirth | 3 | 6/313 | 1 · 8 (0 · 3–3 · 3) | 1 | 1/237 | 0 · 4 (0 · 0–1 · 2) | 4 | 0 · 8 (0 · 0–1 · 5) |
| Neonatal unit admission | 3 | 34/263 | 12 · 7 (8 · 7–16 · 8) | 1 | 24/236 | 10 · 2 (6 · 3–14 · 0) | 4 | 11 · 4 (8 · 6–14 · 2) |
| Inadequate prenatal careb | 2 | 166/540 | 30 · 7 (26 · 8–34 · 6)b | 1 | 34/221 | 15 · 4 (10 · 6–20 · 1)b | 3 | N/A |
| Preterm deliveryb | 2 | 24/119 | 19 · 0 (9 · 5–28 · 6)b | 1 | 15/236 | 6 · 4 (3 · 2–9 · 5)b | 3 | N/A |
| Neonatal death | 2 | 5/196 | 2 · 2 (0 · 1–4 · 2) | 0 | N/A | N/A | 2 | 2 · 2 (0 · 1–4 · 2) |
| Small for gestational age | 2 | 9/43, 0/34 | N/Ac | 1 | 28/236 | 11 · 9 (7 · 7–16 · 0) | 3 | N/A |
| APGAR < 7 at 5 mins | 2 | 5/76, 0/34 | N/Ac | 1 | 0/236 | 0 | 3 | N/A |
| Breastfeeding | 2 | 1/34, 21/43 | N/Ad | 1 | 3/5 | 60 · 0 (17 · 1–100) | 3 | N/A |
aSummary measures created by taking results from individual studies, weighting by sample size and calculating summary statistic. Only presented if there is no significant heterogeneity between groups
bThere is evidence of significant heterogeneity between PRISON and PRISON+ groups (p = 0 · 005 for caesarean, p < 0 · 001 for inadequate prenatal care, p = 0 · 001 for preterm delivery), therefore a random effects model has been used
cNo summary measure possible as only one non-zero result
dNo summary measure possible as significant heterogeneity in results within PRISON category