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Recommendations of surgery for tubo-ovarian abscesses
| Emergency surgery [15] |
| ✓ Abscess rupture suspected |
| ✓ Signs of sepsis, such as low blood pressure, tachycardia, or tachypnea |
| ✓ Acute abdominal pain |
| Surgery or drainage [15, 16] |
| ✓ Abscess diameter >8 cm |
| ✓ No therapeutic reaction 48 h after administration of antibiotics |
| Consideration of surgery [17] |
| ✓ Postmenopausal patient |
