Table 3. Comparison of recurrently mutated genes in HCC identified in three large studies in Japan, Korea and Europe.
| Function | Gene Name | Totoki et al.* (n=452) | Ahn et al.* (n=231) | Schulze et al.* (n=243) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WNT/β-catenina | CTNNB1 | 31.0% | 22.9% | 37.4% |
| RSPO2 | - | 3.0% | - | |
| AXIN1 | 6.2% | 6.9% | 11.1% | |
| FZD6 | - | 3.0% | - | |
| Chromatin remodeling | ARID1A | 8.6% | 3.9% | 12.8% |
| ARID2 | 10.8% | 3.0% | 6.8% | |
| ARID4b | 1.1% | 3.0% | - | |
| p53/cell cycle | TP53 | 32.2% | 31.2% | 24.3% |
| CDKN2A | 2.2% | 6.1% | 8.5% | |
| ATM | 4.4% | 2.2% | 5.5% | |
| CDKN2B | 0.2% | 2.2% | 5.1% | |
| CCND1 | - | 5.2% | 4.7% | |
| RB1 | 4.2% | 7.8% | 3.8% | |
| RBL2 | 2.2% | 3.0% | - | |
| HUWE1 | 0.4% | 0.9% | 3.4% | |
| Epigenetic regulation | MLL2 | 3.8% | 5.2% | 5.5% |
| MLL3 | 2.4% | 3.0% | 2.0% | |
| MLL | 2.9% | 3.9% | - | |
| CHD1 | - | 3.0% | - | |
| CHD7 | 0.9% | 3.0% | 3.4% | |
| CREBBP | 2.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | |
| SMC3 | - | - | 3.0% | |
| SRCAP | 2.9% | - | 3.0% | |
| Telomere mantainence | TERT promoter | 55.1% | - | 60.0% |
| TERT | 4.0% | - | - | |
| Oxidative stress | NFE2L2 | 4.9% | 3.0% | 6.4% |
| KEAP1 | 2.4% | - | 3.8% | |
| Hepatic differentiation | ALB | 6.9% | 4.8% | 12.8% |
| APOB | 10.2% | 10.3% | 9.4% | |
| HNF1A | 2.2% | 0.9% | 4.7% | |
| FGA | 1.5% | 1.7% | 3.4% | |
| MAPK | RPS6KA3 | 3.8% | 5.0% | 6.8% |
| FGF4 | 0.2% | - | 4.7% | |
| FGF19 | - | 5.0% | 4.7% | |
| FGF3 | 0.2% | 0.9% | 4.3% | |
| EPHA4 | 1.8% | 2.6% | 3.4% | |
| FLT4 | 0.9% | 2.6% | 3.4% | |
| HGF | 0.7% | 0.4% | 3.0% | |
| NTRK3 | 1.5% | 1.7% | 3.0% | |
| PI3K-AKT-mTOR | TSC2 | 5.3% | 3.0% | 5.1% |
| FGF4 | 0.2% | - | 4.7% | |
| FGF19 | 4.0% | 5.0% | 4.7% | |
| FGF3 | 0.2% | 0.9% | 4.3% | |
| FLT4 | 0.9% | 2.6% | 3.4% | |
| PTEN | 1.3% | 2.0% | 3.4% | |
| HGF | 0.7% | 0.4% | 3.0% | |
| PRKCB | 1.5% | 3.5% | - | |
| NTRK3 | 1.5% | 1.7% | 3.0% | |
| JAK3 | 0.9% | 0.4% | 3.0% |
*
Totoki et al. (n=413 Japan, 92 HBV+ and 183 HCV+); Ahn et al. (n=231 Korea, 167 HBV+ and 22 HCV+); Schulze et al. (n=243 [n=193 France, n=41 Italy, n=9 Spain], 33 HBV+ and 61 HCV+).