Table 1. Clinicopathological characteristics.
| Variable | Number (percentage) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients (n = 1529) | Primary cohort (n = 1150) | Validation cohort (n = 379) | ||
| Age, years | ||||
| ≤ 50 | 718 (47.0%) | 532 (46.3%) | 186 (49.1%) | 0.34 |
| > 50 | 811 (53.0%) | 618 (53.7%) | 193 (50.9%) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1311 (85.7%) | 995 (86.5%) | 316 (83.4%) | 0.13 |
| Female | 218 (14.3%) | 155 (13.5%) | 63 (16.6%) | |
| HBsAg | ||||
| Positive | 1283 (83.9%) | 971 (84.4%) | 312 (82.3%) | 0.33 |
| Negative | 246 (16.1%) | 179 (15.6%) | 67 (17.7%) | |
| HBeAg | ||||
| Positive | 458 (30.0%) | 358 (31.1%) | 100 (26.4%) | 0.08 |
| Negative | 1071 (70.0%) | 792 (68.9%) | 279 (73.6%) | |
| HBcAb | ||||
| Positive | 1413 (92.4%) | 1060 (92.2%) | 353 (93.1%) | 0.54 |
| Negative | 116 (7.6%) | 90 (7.8%) | 26 (6.9%) | |
| HCVAb | ||||
| Positive | 44(2.9%) | 34(3.0%) | 10(2.6%) | 0.75 |
| Negative | 1485(97.1%) | 1116(97.0%) | 369(97.4%) | |
| Cirrhosis | ||||
| Yes | 832 (54.4%) | 617 (53.7%) | 215 (56.7%) | 0.30 |
| No | 697 (45.6%) | 533 (46.3%) | 164 (43.3%) | |
| AFP, ng/mL | ||||
| ≤ 400 | 1023(66.9%) | 765(66.5%) | 258(68.1%) | 0.58 |
| > 400 | 506(33.1%) | 385(33.5) | 121(31.9%) | |
| PT, seconds | ||||
| ≤ 12 | 801 (52.4%) | 607 (52.8%) | 194 (51.2%) | 0.59 |
| > 12 | 728 (47.6%) | 543 (47.2%) | 185 (48.8%) | |
| PLT, ×109/L | ||||
| ≤ 100 | 333 (21.8%) | 261 (22.7%) | 72 (19.0%) | 0.13 |
| > 100 | 1196 (78.2%) | 889 (77.3%) | 307 (81.0%) | |
| ALB, g/L | ||||
| ≤ 40 | 512 (33.5%) | 381 (33.1%) | 131 (34.6%) | 0.61 |
| > 40 | 1017 (66.5%) | 769 (66.9%) | 248 (65.4%) | |
| ALT, U/L | ||||
| ≤ 40 | 775 (50.7%) | 574 (49.9%) | 201 (53.0%) | 0.29 |
| > 40 | 754 (49.3%) | 576 (50.1%) | 178 (47.0%) | |
| TBIL, μmol/L | ||||
| ≤ 34 | 1510 (98.8%) | 1135 (98.7%) | 375 (98.9%) | 0.91* |
| > 34 | 19 (1.2%) | 15 (1.3%) | 4 (1.1%) | |
| WBC, ×109/L | ||||
| ≤ 4 | 301 (19.7%) | 225 (19.6%) | 76 (20.1%) | 0.84 |
| > 4 | 1228 (80.3%) | 925 (80.4%) | 303 (79.9%) | |
| Tumor number | ||||
| Single | 1286 (84.1%) | 963 (83.7%) | 323 (85.2%) | 0.49 |
| Multiple | 243 (15.9%) | 187 (16.3%) | 56 (14.8%) | |
| Tumor diameter, cm | ||||
| ≤ 3 | 410 (26.8%) | 292 (25.4%) | 118 (31.1%) | 0.07 |
| 3–5 | 425 (27.8%) | 321 (27.9%) | 104 (27.5%) | |
| > 5 | 694 (45.4%) | 537 (46.7%) | 157 (41.4%) | |
| MVI | ||||
| Yes | 516 (33.7%) | 387 (33.7%) | 129 (34.0%) | 0.89 |
| No | 1013 (66.3%) | 763 (66.3%) | 250 (66.0%) | |
| Tumor capsule | ||||
| Complete | 834 (54.5%) | 641 (55.7%) | 193 (50.9%) | 0.10 |
| Incomplete | 695 (45.5%) | 509 (44.3%) | 186 (49.1%) | |
| Edmondson-Steiner | ||||
| I/II | 456 (29.8%) | 329 (28.6%) | 127 (33.5%) | 0.07 |
| III/IV | 1073 (70.2%) | 821 (71.4%) | 252 (66.5%) | |
| Blood transfusion | ||||
| Yes | 178 (11.6%) | 139 (12.1%) | 39 (10.3%) | 0.34 |
| No | 1351 (88.4%) | 1011 (87.9%) | 340 (89.7%) | |
| Surgical margin, cm | ||||
| ≤ 1 | 995 (65.1%) | 736 (64.0%) | 259 (68.3%) | 0.12 |
| > 1 | 534 (34.9%) | 414 (36.0%) | 120 (31.7%) | |
| Hepatectomy | ||||
| Anatomical | 692 (45.3%) | 536 (46.6%) | 156 (41.2%) | 0.07 |
| Non-anatomical | 837 (54.7%) | 614 (53.4%) | 223 (58.8%) | |
| ACL | ||||
| Yes | 523 (34.2%) | 393 (34.2%) | 130 (34.3%) | 0.96 |
| No | 1006 (65.8%) | 757 (65.8%) | 249 (65.7%) | |
*
Continuity Correction test.
Abbreviation: HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen; HBcAb, hepatitis B core antibody; HCVAb, hepatitis C virus antibody; AFP, alpha fetoprotein; PT, prothrombin time; PLT, platelets; ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine transaminase; TBIL, total bilirubin; WBC, white blood cell; MVI, microvascular invasion; ACL, adjuvant chemolipiodolization.