Table 2. Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients treated with or without ACL in the primary and validation cohorts.
| Variable | Primary cohort | Validation cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-ACL | ACL | P value | Non-ACL | ACL | P value | |
| (n = 757) | (n = 393) | (n = 249) | (n = 130) | |||
| Age, years | ||||||
| ≤ 50 | 341 (45.0%) | 191 (48.6%) | 0.25 | 121 (48.6%) | 65 (50.0%) | 0.80 |
| > 50 | 416 (55.0%) | 202 (51.4%) | 128 (51.4%) | 65 (50.0%) | ||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 652 (86.1%) | 343 (87.3%) | 0.59 | 207 (83.1%) | 109(83.8%) | 0.86 |
| Female | 105 (13.9%) | 50 (12.7%) | 42 (16.9%) | 21(16.2%) | ||
| HBsAg | ||||||
| Positive | 631 (83.4%) | 340 (86.5%) | 0.16 | 201 (80.7%) | 111 (85.4%) | 0.26 |
| Negative | 126 (16.6%) | 53 (13.5%) | 48 (19.3%) | 19 (14.6%) | ||
| HBeAg | ||||||
| Positive | 236 (31.2%) | 122 (31.0%) | 0.96 | 69 (27.7%) | 31 (23.8%) | 0.42 |
| Negative | 521 (68.8%) | 271 (69.0%) | 180 (72.3%) | 99 (76.2%) | ||
| HBcAb | ||||||
| Positive | 701 (92.6%) | 359 (91.3%) | 0.45 | 226 (90.8%) | 127 (97.7%) | 0.01 |
| Negative | 56 (7.4%) | 34 (8.7%) | 23 (9.2%) | 3 (2.3%) | ||
| HCVAb | ||||||
| Positive | 24 (3.2%) | 10 (2.5%) | 0.55 | 8 (3.2%) | 2 (1.5%) | 0.33 |
| Negative | 733 (96.8%) | 383 (97.5%) | 241 (96.8%) | 128 (98.5%) | ||
| Cirrhosis | ||||||
| Yes | 396 (52.3%) | 221 (56.2%) | 0.21 | 143 (57.4%) | 72 (55.4%) | 0.70 |
| No | 361 (47.7%) | 172 (43.8%) | 106 (42.6%) | 58 (44.6%) | ||
| AFP, ng/mL | ||||||
| ≤ 400 | 496 (65.5%) | 269 (68.4%) | 0.32 | 168 (67.5%) | 90 (69.2%) | 0.73 |
| > 400 | 261 (34.5%) | 124 (31.6%) | 81 (32.5%) | 40 (30.8%) | ||
| PT, second | ||||||
| ≤ 12 | 404 (53.4%) | 203 (51.7%) | 0.58 | 126 (50.6%) | 68 (52.3%) | 0.75 |
| > 12 | 353 (46.6%) | 190 (48.3%) | 123 (49.4%) | 62 (47.7%) | ||
| PLT, ×109/L | ||||||
| ≤ 100 | 174 (23.0%) | 87 (22.1%) | 0.75 | 49(19.7%) | 23 (17.7%) | 0.64 |
| > 100 | 583 (77.0%) | 306 (77.9%) | 200(80.3%) | 107 (82.3%) | ||
| ALB, g/L | ||||||
| ≤ 40 | 259 (34.2%) | 122 (31.0%) | 0.28 | 83 (33.3%) | 48 (36.9%) | 0.49 |
| > 40 | 498 (65.8%) | 271 (69.0%) | 166 (66.7%) | 82 (63.1%) | ||
| ALT, U/L | ||||||
| ≤ 40 | 379 (50.1%) | 195 (49.6%) | 0.89 | 135(54.2%) | 66 (50.8%) | 0.52 |
| > 40 | 378 (49.9%) | 198 (50.4%) | 114(45.8%) | 64 (49.2%) | ||
| TBIL, μmol/L | ||||||
| ≤ 34 | 747 (98.7%) | 388 (98.7%) | 0.95 | 246(98.8%) | 129 (99.2%) | 0.99* |
| > 34 | 10 (1.3%) | 5 (1.3%) | 3 (1.2%) | 1 (0.8%) | ||
| WBC, ×109/L | ||||||
| ≤ 4 | 152 (20.1%) | 73 (18.6%) | 0.54 | 50 (20.1%) | 26 (20.0%) | 0.98 |
| > 4 | 605 (79.9%) | 320 (81.4%) | 199 (79.9%) | 104 (80.0%) | ||
| Tumor number | ||||||
| Single | 626 (82.7%) | 337 (85.8%) | 0.18 | 216 (86.7%) | 107 (82.3%) | 0.25 |
| Multiple | 131 (17.3%) | 56 (14.2%) | 33 (13.3%) | 23 (17.7%) | ||
| Tumor diameter, cm | ||||||
| ≤ 3 | 181 (23.9%) | 111 (28.2%) | 0.27 | 84 (33.7%) | 34 (26.2%) | 0.17 |
| 3–5 | 217 (28.7%) | 104 (26.5%) | 70 (28.1%) | 34 (26.2%) | ||
| > 5 | 359 (47.4%) | 178 (45.3%) | 95 (38.2%) | 62 (47.6%) | ||
| MVI | ||||||
| Presence | 250 (33.0%) | 137 (34.9%) | 0.53 | 83 (33.3%) | 46 (35.4%) | 0.69 |
| Absence | 507 (67.0%) | 256 (65.1%) | 166 (66.7%) | 84 (64.6%) | ||
| Tumor capsule | ||||||
| Complete | 425 (56.1%) | 216 (55.0%) | 0.70 | 129 (51.8%) | 64 (49.2%) | 0.63 |
| Incomplete | 332 (43.9%) | 177 (45.0%) | 120 (48.2%) | 66 (50.8%) | ||
| Edmondson-Steiner | ||||||
| I/II | 213 (28.1%) | 116 (29.5%) | 0.62 | 93 (37.3%) | 34 (26.2%) | 0.03 |
| III/IV | 544 (71.9%) | 277 (70.5%) | 156 (62.7%) | 96 (73.8%) | ||
| Blood transfusion | ||||||
| Yes | 102 (13.5%) | 37 (9.4%) | 0.04 | 22 (8.8%) | 17 (13.1%) | 0.20 |
| No | 655 (86.5%) | 356 (90.6%) | 227 (91.2%) | 113 (86.9%) | ||
| Surgical margin, cm | ||||||
| ≤ 1 | 486 (64.2%) | 250 (63.6%) | 0.84 | 165 (66.3%) | 94 (72.3%) | 0.23 |
| > 1 | 271 (35.8%) | 143 (36.4%) | 84 (33.7%) | 36 (27.7%) | ||
| Hepatectomy | ||||||
| Anatomical | 364 (48.1%) | 172 (43.8%) | 0.16 | 108 (43.4%) | 48 (36.9%) | 0.23 |
| Non-anatomical | 393 (51.9%) | 221 (56.2%) | 141 (56.6%) | 82 (63.1%) | ||
*
ontinuity Correction test.
Abbreviation: HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen; HBcAb, hepatitis B core antibody; HCVAb, hepatitis C virus antibody; AFP, alpha fetoprotein; PT, prothrombin time; PLT, platelets; ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine transaminase; TBIL, total bilirubin; WBC, white blood cell; MVI, microvascular invasion; ACL, adjuvant chemolipiodolization.