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. 2015 Aug 17;87(2):168–177. doi: 10.1111/asj.12415

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© 2015 The Authors. Animal Science Journal published by Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd on behalf of Japanese Society of Animal Science.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Comparison of rumen bacterial numbers in cattle (n = 4) fed hay and concentrate (Con) in the first and second experiment by real‐time PCR. The bacterial number was analyzed using bacterial DNA extraction from fluids collected at 20.00 hours. Values represent mean ± SE (n = 4). ^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01 (significant difference compared to the first experiment in the same feeding), ^a P < 0.05, ^b P < 0.01 (significant difference between the hay‐ and concentrate‐feeding within the same experimental period).