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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 29.
Published in final edited form as: J Invest Dermatol. 2016 Sep;136(9):e87–e93. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.007

Figure 2. CRISPR-induced NHEJ and HDR.

Figure 2

Upon Cas9-induced DNA DSB, the cell repairs the DSB by either NHEJ or HDR. In NHEJ, random nucleotide insertions and deletions occur as the cell ligates the DNA DSB, resulting in gene disruption. In HDR, the DSB is repaired using an externally supplied homologous DNA as a template for copying. The nucleotide sequence of the donor template is copied into the targeted site, resulting in a directed precise repair. Adapted with permission from Elsevier (Savić and Schwank, 2016). Cas9, CRISPR-associated protein 9; CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats; DSB, double-stranded break; HDR, homology-directed repair; NHEJ, nonhomologous end-joining; PAM, protospacer adjacent motif; sgRNA, single guide RNA.