Table 2. Correlates of DBS levels consistent with protective DBS levels (4 or more doses per week)¥ (N=294).
| Characteristic | # subjects tested† |
≥4 doses/ week (%)‡ |
OR (95% CI)* | P value | AOR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Site | ||||||
| San Francisco | 103 | 90 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Miami | 95 | 65 | 0.21 (0.12-0.37) | <0.001 | 0.32 (0.17-0.60) | <0.001 |
| Washington DC | 96 | 88 | 0.89 (0.47-1.70) | 0.73 | 1.08 (0.54-2.19) | 0.82 |
|
| ||||||
| Age, No. (%) | ||||||
| 18-25 | 62 | 78 | Reference | |||
| 26-35 | 109 | 85 | 1.41 (0.78-2.56) | 0.25 | ||
| 36-45 | 70 | 83 | 1.28 (0.64-2.55) | 0.49 | ||
| >45 | 53 | 87 | 1.97 (0.91-4.28) | 0.09 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | ||||||
| White | 130 | 91 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Latino | 98 | 77 | 0.68 (0.35-1.30) | 0.24 | 0.81 (0.41-1.61) | 0.55 |
| Black | 33 | 57 | 0.22 (0.10-0.47) | 0.0001 | 0.28 (0.12-0.64) | 0.003 |
| Asian | 16 | 84 | 0.48 (0.13-1.80) | 0.28 | 0.72 (0.17-3.03) | 0.65 |
| Other | 17 | 82 | 0.43 (0.13-1.35) | 0.15 | 0.42 (0.13-1.38) | 0.15 |
|
| ||||||
| Education level. No. (%) | ||||||
| ≤ High School | 37 | 72 | Reference | |||
| Some college | 79 | 80 | 1.08 (0.57-2.07) | 0.81 | ||
| College graduate | 178 | 88 | 1.76 (0.94-3.31) | 0.08 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Income, No. (%) | ||||||
| <$20,000 | 99 | 77 | Reference | |||
| $20,000-$59,999 | 96 | 87 | 1.72 (0.97-3.06) | 0.06 | ||
| ≥$60,000 | 88 | 87 | 1.12 (0.55-2.29) | 0.75 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Health insurance, No. (%) | ||||||
| No | 108 | 74 | Reference | |||
| Yes | 185 | 88 | 1.71 (1.03-2.85) | 0.04 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Living situation, No. (%) | ||||||
| Rent or own housing | 68 | 87 | 2.32 (1.39-3.88) | 0.001 | 2.02 (1.14-3.55) | 0.02 |
| Other | 226 | 70 | Reference | Reference | ||
|
| ||||||
| Referral status, No. (%) | ||||||
| Clinic-referred | 150 | 77 | Reference | |||
| Self-referred | 144 | 89 | 1.65 (0.97-2.83) | 0.07 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Prior PrEP knowledge, No, (%) | ||||||
| No | 88 | 76 | Reference | |||
| Yes | 206 | 86 | 0.98 (0.57-1.68) | .95 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Depression, No. (%) | ||||||
| PHQ-2 score <2 | 261 | 83 | Reference | |||
| PHQ-2 score ≥2 | 33 | 85 | 0.96 (0.57-1.63) | 0.89 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Condomless receptive anal sex, past 3 mo | ||||||
| No | 107 | 79 | Reference | |||
| Yes | 187 | 86 | 1.22 (0.79-1.89) | 0.37 | ||
|
| ||||||
| # condomless anal sex partners, past 3 mo | ||||||
| 0-1 | 105 | 75 | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥2 | 189 | 89 | 1.95 (1.26-3.01) | 0.003 | 1.82 (1.14-2.89) | 0.01 |
|
| ||||||
| Alcohol: ≥5 drinks/day when drinking, past 3 mo | ||||||
| No | 265 | 84 | Reference | |||
| Yes | 29 | 82 | 1.02 (0.54-1.92) | 0.95 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Recreational drug use, past 3 mo | ||||||
| No | 89 | 79 | Reference | |||
| Yes | 205 | 86 | 1.29 (0.83-2.00) | 0.26 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Amphetamine use, past 3 mo | ||||||
| No | 253 | 83 | Reference | |||
| Yes | 41 | 91 | 1.88 (0.85-4.18) | 0.12 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Testosterone/anabolic steroid use, past 3 mo | ||||||
| No | 288 | 84 | Reference | |||
| Yes | 6 | 69 | 0.57 (0.10-3.37) | 0.53 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Injection drug use, past 3 mo | ||||||
| No | 289 | 84 | Reference | |||
| Yes | 5 | 76 | 0.40 (0.10-1.56) | 0.19 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Erectile Dysfunction drug use, past 3 mo | ||||||
| No | 204 | 80 | Reference | |||
| Yes | 90 | 90 | 1.77 (1.02-3.06) | 0.04 | ||
¥
Analysis includes all participants who had DBS tested at a given visit.
†
For time dependent covariates, distribution of participants reflects the first visit where DBS was tested.
*
Unadjusted prevalence of having DBS levels consistent with ≥4 doses/week, weighted by site to reflect the full cohort and averaged across weeks.
‡
ORs only adjusted for site; DBS=dried blood spots; No.=number; mo.= month; OR=odds ratio; AOR=adjusted odds ratio. Multivariable model included site, race/ethnicity, education, health insurance, housing status, referral status, number of condomless anal sex partners, and erectile dysfunction drug use.