Table 1.
Selected reports using the SPME technology in in vitro sample analysis
| Study subject | Fiber coating | Thickness (μm) | Sample (g), part | Condition (°C/min) |
Analytical method |
Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plant Extract | |||||||
| Pinene, sabinene | Peucedanum cervaria | PDMS | 30 | 2.0, fruit | RT/30 | GC/MS | [30] |
| Aldehydes | Hypericum perforatum | PDMS; PDMS/CAR | 75; 100 | Extract | 40/20 | GC/ECD | [31] |
| VOCs, carotenoid | Dracaena draco | PDMS/DVB | 65 | 0.1, leaf | 45/20 | GC/MS | [32] |
| Sesquiterpene, monoterpenes | Ficuscarica | PDMS/DVB | 65 | Fruit | 40/60 | GC/MS | [33] |
| VOCs | Plinia cerrocampanensis | DVB/CAR/PDMS | 30; 50 | 0.5, leaf | 49/14 | GC/MS | [34] |
| VOCs | Pelargonium graveolens | PDMS/DVB | 65 | 0.1/0.2, leaf | RT/2 | GC/MS | [35] |
| Terpinyl acetate, monoterpenes | Plectranthus spp. | PDMS | 100 | 1.0, callus | 60/20 | GC/MS | [37] |
| Terpinene, cymene, thymol | Thymus vulgaris | PDMS/DVB | 65 | 0.2, leaf | 60/15 | GC/MS | [39] |
| Volatile ethyl esters | Dwarf Cavendish banana | PDMS/DVB | 65 | 0.5, fruit | 50/60 | GC/MS | [40] |
| Diet Sample | |||||||
| Cineole, limonene, pinene, terpinene | Eucalyptus | PDMS/DVB | 65 | 5.0, essential oil | RT/10 | GC/MS | [41] |
| Ester, alcohol, acid, hydrocarbon | Gingko wine | PDMS /CAR | 75 | 5.0 ml, wine | 50/45 | GC/MS | [43] |
| Monoterpene, aldehyde, alcohol | Vitis vinifera grapevine | DVB/CAR/PDMS | 30; 50 | 5.0, grape berry | 40/40 | GC/MS | [45] |
| Metabolite | Fecal microbiota | PDMS/CAR | 85 | 3.0, stool/urine | 45/40 | GC/MS | [82] |
| Biomedical Research | |||||||
| Chlorpromazine | Aqueous containing albumin | PA | 30 | 0.2, solution | RT/420 | LC/UV | [49] |
| Carbamazepine | Albumin or mouse plasma | C18 | 1.8 ml, plasma | RT/50 | LC/NMR | [50] | |
| Risperidone/9-OH risperidone | Cunninghamella fungal | C18 | 45 | 2.0 ml, supernatant | RT/30 | LC/MS | [53] |
| Naturally-occurring Microorganisms | |||||||
| Acid, alcohol, aldehyde, ester | Vastedda-like cheese | DBV/CAR/PDMS | 10.0, cheese | 60/30 | GC/MS | [54] | |
| Metabolites | Stool sample | CAR/PDMS | 85 | 3.0, feces | 45/40 | GC/MS | [56] |
| Pinene, caryophyllene | Tobacco | PDMS/DVB | 65 | 6.0 ml, culture | 25/30 | GC/MS | [57] |
| VOCs: alcohol, heterocycle, etc. | Yoghurt | Carboxen/PDMS | 75 | 3.0 ml, culture | RT/10 | GC/NMR | [59] |
| Environmental Pollutants | |||||||
| MVOCs: methylpropanol, etc. | Indoor mold | DVB/CAR/PDMS | 30; 50 | Fresh culture | 35/30 | GC/MS | [60] |
| Alkylbenzene, tetralin, naphthalene | Seafood | PDMS; PDMS/DVB | 65; 100 | 20.0, seafood | 65/3 | GC/MS | [63] |
| Sample for Medical Diagnosis | |||||||
| Penicillin binding protein 2a | PBP2a extraction solution | Immuno-SPME | 25.0, extraction | RT/720 | LC/MS | [20] | |
| Biomarker library | Staphylococcus aureus | CW/DVB; CAR/PDMS | 70;75 | 5.0 ml, culture | RT/10-480 | GC/MS | [66] |
| Chlorpyrfos, sex hormone | CPS and hormone solution | PA-HF | 400 | Solution | 42/30 | LC/UV | [68] |
Abbreviations: Apt-PANCMA-aptamer functionalized poly (acrylonitiile-co-maleic acid); CAR-Carboxen; HLB-hydrophilic lipophilic balanced particles; MVOCs-microbial volatile organic compounds; PA-polyacrylate; PDMS-polydimethylsiloxane; RT-room tempreture; VOCs-volatile organic compounds.