Figure 3.

Dependence of the time-varying force reconstructed by using eq 1 on the frequency at which the distance is modulated for air (Q = 100) and liquid (Q = 1). (a) The sample support is displaced at ϖ = 5, 10, 20 (Q = 100). (b) The sample support is displaced at ϖ = 100 (Q = 100). The dashed line shows the model force. (c) The sample support is displaced at ϖ = 5, 10, 20 (Q = 1). (d) The sample support is displaced at ϖ = 100 (Q = 1). The dashed line shows the interaction force (model). The insets show the force in the vicinity of the snap-off region. Simulation parameters: a₀ = 0.2 nm E_eff = 1 GPa, H = 0.5 eV, f₀ = 150 kHz, k = 5 N/m, Q = 100, R = 5 nm, A_m = 15 nm, z_c = 10 nm.