Figure 4.

(a) Single-molecule force spectroscopy simulations. Time-varying forces for different distance modulation frequencies in a liquid. (b) Force curve reconstructed by using eq 1 for f_m = 30 kHz (ϖ = 5) and f_m = 0.5 kHz (ϖ = 300) and force curve of the model. (c) Dependence of the unbinding and peak forces on the frequency ratio for f₀ = 150 kHz. Parameters of the interaction force and cantilever dynamics: F_unb = 50 pN, β = 0.8 nm^–1, D₀ = 10 nm, a₀ = 0.4 nm, E_eff = 1 MPa, k = 0.7 N/m, Q = 1, R = 5 nm, A_m = 15 nm, z_c = 10 nm.