(A) BamHI-W DNA; (B) miR-BART2-5p; (C) miR-BART17-5p; and (D) miR-BART18-5p. Serum samples from 20 NPC patients before treatment and from 40 non-NPC controls (20 non-NPC head and neck carcinomas, and 20 healthy volunteers) were analyzed. The copy numbers of BamHI-W DNA and the three BART-miRNAs were determined by qPCR and RT-qPCR, respectively. The copy numbers of BamHI-W DNA and the three BART-miRNAs in NPC patients at diagnosis were significantly higher than those in non-NPC controls. The copy numbers of BART-miRNAs were corrected by the recovery rate of cel-miR-39, an exogenous spike-in control. The significance of differences was assessed by the Mann-Whitney U test. The significance was defined as a p-value of less than 0.05. Circles (○) and asterisks (✱) show the statistical outliers, among which asterisks are extreme values. NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma; and HNC, head and neck carcinoma.