Table 7. Clinical chemistry data of monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice.
| Time | Group | ALT | AST | ALP | CK | LDH | TBIL | BUN | CRE | GLU | CHO | TG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (U/L) | (U/L) | (U/L) | (U/L) | (U/L) | (μmol/L) | (mmol/L) | (μmol/L) | (mmol/L) | (mmol/L) | (mmol/L) | ||
| Pre-dose | Non-GM rice | 35.30±8.07 | 32.25±5.92 | 248.50±67.23 | 198.63±49.73 | 366.00±70.6 | 2.44±0.96 | 6.55±1.07 | 39.25±5.99 | 4.62±0.28 | 3.23±0.50 | 0.32±0.10 |
| Positive control | 60.00±16.37** | 39.50±4.65 | 298.25±29.57 | 217.75±68.68 | 425.75±58.28 | 2.60±0.36 | 6.40±0.24 | 36.25±5.12 | 4.68±0.34 | 3.77±0.85 | 0.26±0.09 | |
| 17.5% GM rice | 36.63±15.71 | 38.38±7.80 | 237.88±93.43 | 234.25±85.91 | 414.25±83.97 | 2.78±0.25 | 6.93±1.04 | 37.75±3.49 | 3.87±0.56 | 3.39±0.60 | 0.36±0.13 | |
| 70% GM rice | 48.42±9.89 | 40.08±11.02 | 262.00±90.38 | 202.92±46.43 | 483.42±148.95 | 2.66±0.67 | 6.78±1.32 | 40.33±6.62 | 4.61±0.96 | 3.56±0.69 | 0.32±0.10 | |
| Treatment Month 1 | Non-GM rice | 46.75±12.98 | 39.00±12.01 | 224.25±93.90 | 313.38±376.53 | 448.38±88.80 | 2.48±0.43 | 5.89±1.14 | 41.38±6.07 | 4.78±0.85 | 3.00±0.53 | 0.36±0.14 |
| Positive control | 64.50±23.27 | 46.25±25.16 | 301.00±62.75 | 245.50±166.24 | 462.50±102.98 | 1.91±0.52 | 6.18±0.81 | 41.25±1.71 | 5.03±0.75 | 3.20±0.77 | 0.36±0.13 | |
| 17.5% GM rice | 48.13±20.41 | 35.00±9.44 | 233.88±106.79 | 198.38±51.77 | 379.63±48.65 | 2.15±0.36 | 6.73±0.95 | 40.63±6.65 | 4.30±0.49 | 3.06±0.43 | 0.41±0.12 | |
| 70% GM rice | 70.08±18.14* | 42.42±14.12 | 233.08±71.20 | 318.25±301.80 | 438.00±118.19 | 2.50±0.71 | 6.34±0.97 | 45.17±6.24 | 4.75±1.15 | 3.45±0.65 | 0.46±0.25 | |
| Treatment Month 3 | Non-GM rice | 61.25±17.28 | 41.88±11.32 | 254.50±106.08 | 269.63±164.21 | 435.88±90.36 | 2.53±0.94 | 7.38±1.05 | 45.75±7.36 | 4.91±0.96 | 3.14±0.58 | 0.36±0.16 |
| Positive control | 86.75±32.85 | 52.75±30.48 | 324.75±56.33 | 296.75±163.06 | 482.25±154.35 | 2.20±0.86 | 6.90±0.92 | 44.00±3.37 | 5.14±0.50 | 3.53±0.90 | 0.32±0.12 | |
| 17.5% GM rice | 69.75±32.62 | 62.13±50.94 | 294.63±153.90 | 511.75±808.54 | 448.38±134.63 | 2.31±0.22 | 7.86±1.51 | 46.63±6.89 | 4.56±0.86 | 2.90±0.40 | 0.40±0.13 | |
| 70% GM rice | 86.33±27.39 | 55.17±19.78 | 263.08±98.28 | 373.00±269.07 | 548.25±158.69 | 2.76±0.96 | 7.21±0.73 | 47.58±8.21 | 5.33±1.06 | 3.35±0.70 | 0.37±0.11 | |
| Treatment Month 6 | Non-GM rice | 42.63±12.05 | 40.63±12.36 | 295.38±128.35 | 220.50±63.03 | 439.13±101.23 | 3.93±0.58 | 6.73±0.59 | 34.75±6.36 | 4.87±0.78 | 2.78±0.46 | 0.37±0.12 |
| Positive control | 64.50±20.82 | 43.25±8.42 | 416.00±113.57 | 172.75±32.64 | 398.25±21.19 | 3.98±0.51 | 5.53±0.64 | 35.50±7.55 | 4.28±0.45 | 3.33±0.41 | 0.25±0.09 | |
| 17.5% GM rice | 50.13±24.90 | 56.25±34.11 | 347.25±173.86 | 298.88±181.97 | 447.88±125.31 | 4.15±0.60 | 7.20±1.34 | 36.13±8.08 | 4.45±0.61 | 2.89±0.62 | 0.41±0.13 | |
| 70% GM rice | 56.25±13.66 | 49.42±19.91 | 334.08±142.35 | 240.25±98.57 | 532.58±126.99 | 4.19±0.88 | 6.30±0.90 | 37.58±7.05 | 4.88±0.81 | 3.30±0.68 | 0.36±0.10 | |
| Recovery | Non-GM rice | 44.00 | 30.50 | 286.50 | 165.50 | 343.00 | 3.12 | 7.208 | 38.50 | 4.87 | 2.32 | 0.35 |
| Positive control | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
| 17.5% GM rice | 41.50±27.09 | 43.75±11.06 | 291.50±189.44 | 245.25±78.76 | 410.00±94.97 | 4.19±0.41 | 6.78±1.01 | 39.50±2.89 | 4.42±1.01 | 3.03±0.56 | 0.50±0.33 | |
| 70% GM rice | 110.25±115.93 | 51.25±23.31 | 330.75±175.17 | 250.25±79.32 | 583.50±325.48 | 4.51±0.79 | 8.28±1.51 | 47.25±4.43 | 4.42±0.44 | 3.33±0.77 | 0.47±0.19 |
Note: Data are presented as the mean±SD. During the quarantine period and the study period, there were 8, 4, 8 and 12 animals in the non-GM rice, positive control, 17.5% GM rice and 70% GM rice groups, respectively, whereas there were 2, 0, 4 and 4 animals in the four respective group during the recovery period.
*: Significantly different from the non-GM rice group at p<0.05.
**: Significantly different from the non-GM rice group at p<0.01.