Table 1.
Anthropometric Data for 80 Black and 100 White Newborns
| Variable | White | Blacka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males ( ) |
Females ( ) |
Males ( ) |
Females ( ) |
|
| Gestational age | 39.23 ± 1.39 | 39.35 ± 1.50 | 39.02 ± 1.50 | 39.34 ± 1.18 |
| Length (cm) | 51.48 ± 2.66 | 50.37 ± 5.28 | 49.89 ± 1.73 | 49.94 ± 2.48 |
| Weight (kg)b | 3.42 ± 0.48 | 3.42 ± 0.49 | 3.21 ± 0.46 | 3.24 ± 0.53 |
| Head circumference (cm)b,c | 35.09 ± 1.27 | 34.41 ± 1.25 | 34.07 ± 1.11 | 34.04 ± 1.19 |
| Head length (cm)b,c | 11.85 ± 0.52 | 11.56 ± 0.45 | 11.55 ± 0.40 | 11.45 ± 0.45 |
| Head breadth (cm)b,c | 9.51 ± 0.41 | 9.27 ± 0.42 | 9.13 ± 0.40 | 9.06 ± 0.42 |
| Minimum frontal diameter (cm)c | 6.94 ± 0.37 | 6.76 ± 0.37 | 6.76 ± 0.37 | 6.79 ± 0.36 |
| Ear width (cm) | 2.44 ± 0.19 | 2.39 ± 0.21 | 2.38 ± 0.22 | 2.34 ± 0.21 |
| Ear length (cm) | 3.64 ± 0.29 | 3.65 ± 0.23 | 3.63 ± 0.27 | 3.60 ± 0.33 |
| Craniofacial height (cm)c | 11.83 ± 1.17 | 11.28 ± 0.78 | 11.66 ± 1.06 | 11.68 ± 0.99 |
| Upper face height (cm) | 3.10 ± 0.23 | 3.15 ± 0.34 | 3.16 ± 0.19 | 3.08 ± 0.31 |
| Philtrum length (cm) | 0.89 ± 0.08 | 0.89 ± 0.09 | 0.92 ± 0.11 | 0.88 ± 0.10 |
| Bizygomatic diameter (cm)c | 7.66 ± 0.45 | 7.45 ± 0.37 | 7.49 ± 0.43 | 7.48 ± 0.40 |
| Bigonial diameter (cm) | 6.07 ± 0.50 | 5.92 ± 0.31 | 5.86 ± 0.38 | 5.97 ± 0.31 |
| Mouth breadth (cm)b | 2.66 ± 0.40 | 2.65 ± 0.32 | 2.80 ± 0.25 | 2.80 ± 0.36 |
| Inner canthal distance (cm) | 2.03 ± 0.13 | 2.01 ± 0.17 | 1.98 ± 0.17 | 1.99 ± 0.16 |
| Outer canthal distance (cm) | 5.93 ± 0.36 | 5.90 ± 0.35 | 5.94 ± 0.34 | 6.01 ± 0.36 |
| Palpebral fissure length (cm) | 1.94 ± 0.13 | 1.95 ± 0.13 | 1.96 ± 0.13 | 2.00 ± 0.15 |
| Nose breadth (cm)b | 2.18 ± 0.15 | 2.11 ± 0.19 | 2.38 ± 0.21 | 2.33 ± 0.22 |
| Nose length (cm) | 1.96 ± 0.24 | 2.02 ± 0.23 | 1.97 ± 0.13 | 1.92 ± 0.22 |
| Hand length (cm) | — | — | 6.53 ± 0.34 | 6.49 ± 0.77 |
| Middle finger length (cm) | — | — | 3.03 ± 0.23 | 3.04 ± 0.26 |
| Fifth finger length (cm) | 2.40 ± 0.16 | 2.39 ± 0.19 | 2.44 ± 0.12 | 2.37 ± 0.26 |
| Ulnar palm length (cm) | 3.02 ± 0.43 | 2.97 ± 0.21 | 3.08 ± 0.21 | 3.12 ± 0.30 |
| Foot length (cm) | — | — | 8.00 ± 0.42 | 7.99 ± 0.44 |
| Upper arm circumference (cm) | 10.04 ± 0.85 | 10.09 ± 0.83 | 10.12 ± 0.89 | 10.18 ± 0.92 |
| Forearm circumference (cm) | 9.38 ± 0.64 | 9.45 ± 0.64 | 9.31 ± 0.77 | 9.14 ± 0.80 |
| Thigh circumference (cm) | 14.46 ± 1.28 | 14.72 ± 1.28 | 14.54 ± 1.52 | 14.33 ± 1.56 |
| Calf circumference (cm)b | 11.10 ± 0.80 | 11.35 ± 0.86 | 10.95 ± 0.95 | 10.87 ± 0.86 |
| Chest circumference (cm)b | 32.83 ± 1.99 | 32.69 ± 1.69 | 32.11 ± 1.71 | 31.75 ± 1.84 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 32.57 ± 1.99 | 32.64 ± 1.84 | 32.04 ± 2.13 | 31.97 ± 2.00 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 27.54 ± 2.04 | 27.84 ± 1.51 | 27.14 ± 2.23 | 27.11 ± 2.43 |
| Subscapular skinfold (mm)c | 4.1 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 1.5 |
| Triceps skinfold (mm) | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.9 |
| Biceps skinfold (mm) | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 0.6 |
| Chest skinfold (mm) | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 0.9 |
| Abdomen skinfold (mm) | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.5 ± 0.8 |
| Suprailiac skinfold (mm) | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 3.9 ± 1.5 |
| Thigh skinfold (mm)c | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 5.5 ± 1.5 |
| Forearm skinfold (mm)b,c | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.9 |
| Medial calf skinfold (mm)b,c | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 1.2 |
| Penile length (cm)b | 2.70 ± 0.43 | — | 3.24 ± 0.64 | — |
| Testicular volume (ml) | 1.1 ± 0.6 | — | 1.1 ± 0.6 | — |
a
For all variables, no significant (t test; p > 0.05) differences were found between black males and females.
b
Significant (t test; p < 0.05) difference between white and black infants.
c
Significant (t test; p < 0.05) difference between white males and white females.