Table 1.

The rs4293393 promoter variant of the UMOD gene

rs4293393	Documented in Archaic Humansa	Frequencyb	UMOD Expression	Urinary Uromodulin Levels	GWAS CKD, Hypertension	GWAS Kidney Stones	Potential Role for UTI	Potential Selective Pressure
Ancestral T allele	No	0.80	High	High	Risk (higher >65 yr)c	Protective	Protective	Positive or Neutral
Derived C allele	Yes	0.20	Low	Low	Protective (higher >65 yr)c	Risk	Deleterious	Negative or Neutral
References			19	16,19	12–14,17,18,80,81	18

^aNeanderthal and Denisova.

^b1000 Genomes latest release.⁸²

^cAssociation with renal function significantly higher in individuals over 65 years of age.¹⁴