Inhibition of Orai1 Ca2+ channel by shRNA prevented TGF‑β1 or AngII–induced intracellular increase of Ca2+ in HK2 cells. (A) Immunoblotting and corresponding semiquantification showed that Orai1 shRNA transfection for 48 hours decreased Orai1 protein expression in HK2 cells. Values are mean±SEM, n=6. ##P≤0.01 versus scrambled shRNA (Ad‑lacz–shRNA). (B) Ad‑Orai1–shRNA transfection significantly inhibited increased intracellular Ca2+ induced by TGF‑β1 compared with controls. (C) Ad‑Orai1–shRNA transfection significantly inhibited increased intracellular Ca2+ induced by AngII compared with controls. Values are mean±SEM, n=6. (D, E) Orai1 inhibition by shRNA attenuated (D) TGF‑β1 or (E) AngII–induced increased expression of fibronectin and collagen IV. Values are mean±SEM, n=6 in each group. *P≤0.05 or **P≤0.01 versus Ad‑GFP–shRNA; #P≤0.05 or ##P≤0.01 versus TGF‑β1+Ad‑GFP–shRNA or AngII+Ad‑GFP–shRNA. Ad‑lacz, Ad‑lacz–shRNA.