Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics
| Characteristic | Group; no. (%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ICS, n = 186 | Control, n = 203 | ||
| Age ≥ 70 yr | 76 (40.9) | 82 (40.4) | 0.93 |
| Female sex | 40 (21.51) | 56 (27.6) | 0.16 |
| BMI | 0.37 | ||
| < 25 | 40 (21.5) | 37 (18.2) | |
| 25–29 | 79 (42.5) | 79 (38.9) | |
| ≥ 30 | 67 (36.0) | 87 (42.9) | |
| Smoking history | 117 (62.9) | 134 (66.0) | 0.52 |
| Diabetes | 66 (35.5) | 74 (36.5) | 0.84 |
| Dyslipidemia | 135 (72.6) | 150 (73.9) | 0.77 |
| Renal failure | 6 (3.2) | 12 (5.9) | 0.21 |
| Hypertension | 136 (73.1) | 148 (72.9) | 0.96 |
| COPD | 19 (10.2) | 24 (11.8) | 0.61 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 24 (12.9) | 28 (13.8) | 0.80 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 19 (10.2) | 27 (13.3) | 0.35 |
| MI ≤ 21 d | 54 (29.0) | 51 (25.1) | 0.39 |
| Congestive heart failure | 34 (18.3) | 46 (22.7) | 0.29 |
| Angina | |||
| None | 39 (21.0) | 74 (36.5) | < 0.001 |
| Stable | 51 (27.4) | 68 (33.5) | |
| Unstable | 96 (51.6) | 61 (30.1) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 26 (14.0) | 32 (15.8) | 0.62 |
| Medications | |||
| ASA | 160 (86.0) | 174 (85.7) | 0.93 |
| ACE inhibitors | 98 (52.7) | 123 (60.6) | 0.12 |
| β blockers | 145 (78.0) | 144 (70.9) | 0.11 |
| Cholesterol-lowing agents | 154 (82.8) | 155 (76.4) | 0.12 |
| NYHA IV | 121 (65.0) | 84 (41.4) | < 0.001 |
| EF < 40% | 19 (10.2) | 19 (9.4) | 0.78 |
| Operative status | 0.032 | ||
| Elective | 73 (39.3) | 102 (50.3) | |
| Urgent | 113 (60.8) | 101 (49.8) | |
ACE = angiotensin converting–enzyme; ASA = acetylsalicylic acid; BMI = body mass index; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EF = ejection fraction; lCS = intraoperative cell salvage; MI = myocardial infarction; NYHA = New York Heart Association.