Table 2.
Proportional odds of falling 0, 1, or 2 or more times by demographic characteristics, comorbidities, symptoms, or HIV characteristics
| Covariate of Interest |
All
participants Univariate proportional odds (95% CI) |
P value |
All
participants Multivariate proportional odds (95% CI) |
P value |
HIV-infected
only Multivariate proportional odds (95% CI) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age ( by 10 years) | 0.87 (0.71, 1.07) | 0.19 | 1.01 (0.78, 1.31) | 0.98 | 1.32 (0.91, 1.92) | 0.14 |
| HIV seropositivity | 1.42 (0.93, 2.16) | 0.11 | 0.99 (0.59, 1.67) | 0.98 | ||
| Female | 2.13 (1.41, 3.33) | 0.0003 | 2.0 (1.12, 3.70) | 0.020 | 2.0 (0.96, 4.17) | 0.064 |
| Black | 1.13 (0.75, 1.70) | 0.56 | 0.72 (0.4, 1.28) | 0.26 | 1.12 (0.51, 2.46) | 0.78 |
| BMI <30 kg/m2 | 0.98 (0.96, 1.0) | 0.026 | 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) | 0.55 | 1.0 (0.97, 1.03) | 0.94 |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.90 | 1.00 (1.0, 1.0) | 0.058 | 1.00 (1.0, 1.0) | 0.046 |
| Current smoker | 1.60 (1.02, 2.47) | 0.04 | 1.57 (0.93, 2.65) | 0.089 | 2.12 (1.11, 4.04) | 0.023 |
| ≥14 alcohol containing drinks/week | 1.60 (0.73, 3.51) | 0.24 | ||||
| Self-reported physical function limitations | 1.30 (0.79, 2.15) | 0.30 | ||||
| Diabetes | 1.17 (0.68, 2) | 0.57 | ||||
| Dyslipidemia | 0.94 (0.59, 1.48) | 0.78 | ||||
| Depressive symptoms | 1.61 (0.98, 2.63) | 0.059 | 1.45 (0.85, 2.48) | 0.17 | ||
| Kidney disease | 1.32 (0.8, 2.18) | 0.28 | ||||
| Prior stroke | 1.33 (0.44, 4.09) | 0.61 | ||||
| Neurocognitive impairment | 1.40 (0.53, 3.72) | 0.50 | ||||
| Peripheral neuropathy | 0.94 (0.56, 1.57) | 0.80 | ||||
| HCV positive | 1.69 (1.05, 2.70) | 0.029 | 1.31 (0.73, 2.34) | 0.37 | ||
| # medications used in prior 5 days | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) | 0.13 | 1.13 (1.01, 1.26) | 0.026 | ||
| Blood pressure medication use | 1.03 (0.66, 1.6) | 0.91 | ||||
| Vertigo* | 3.71 (2.15, 6.4) | <0.0001 | 1.31 (0.66, 2.59) | 0.44 | 1.01 (0.42, 2.43) | 0.98 |
| Off-balance* | 4.94 (3.13, 7.8) | <0.0001 | 2.48 (1.38, 4.43) | 0.0023 | 2.87 (1.38, 6) | 0.0049 |
| Floating, lightheadedness, and/or faint feeling* | 5.12 (3.25, 8.12) | <0.0001 | 2.75 (1.5, 5.04) | 0.001 | 3.32 (1.51, 7.31) | 0.0028 |
| HIV –infected participants only†: | ||||||
| On HAART | 0.56 (0.31, 1) | 0.050 | -- | -- | 0.67 (0.28, 1.59) | 0.36 |
| Current use of protease inhibitor | 0.56 (0.33, 0.97) | 0.037 | -- | -- | 0.40 (0.2, 0.81) | 0.011 |
| Current use of Efavirenz | 0.98 (0.58, 1.66) | 0.93 | -- | -- | ||
| Log10 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml | 1.26 (1.01, 1.57) | 0.043 | -- | -- | 1.20 (0.88, 1.64) | 0.26 |
*
self-report of symptoms occurring in the past 12 months
†
HIV-variables included in univariate analysis, but not found to be significantly associated with falls included any use of AZT, zidovudine; D4T, stavudine; DDI, didanosine, current and nadir CD4 lymphocyte count, and HIV-1 RNA < 200 copies/mL
p-values in bold indicate those reaching statistical significance (p<0.05); TIA, transient ischemic attack