Table 2.
Effects on mortality, offspring production and longevity in N. tenuis when adults fed of E. kuehniella insecticide-contaminated eggs, using the maximum field recommended concentration for tomato crop
| Compounds | Lethal effect mortality (%)a |
Sublethal effects |
Total effect (%) [IOBC category] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | Offspring/fem./dayb | Longevity (days)c | ||
| Control | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.7 ± 0.7 a | 0.7 ± 0.7 a | 6.0 ± 0.5 a | 17.7 ± 0.6 a | – |
| Flubendiamide | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 2.0 ± 1.0 a | 4.0 ± 0.4 bcd | 15.1 ± 1.1 ab | 32.8 [2] |
| Spirotetramat | 1.3 ± 1.3 a | 1.3 ± 1.3 a | 2.7 ± 2.0 a | 5.3 ± 0.7 ab | 14.5 ± 0.8 b | 18.1 [1] |
| Deltamethrin | 0.7 ± 0.7 a | 1.3 ± 0.9 a | 2.7 ± 1.5 a | 4.3 ± 0.7 bc | 15.2 ± 0.9 ab | 29.1 [1] |
| Flonicamid | 3.3 ± 1.5 ab | 5.3 ± 1.7 b | 6.7 ± 1.7 ab | 3.4 ± 0.5 cd | 13.0 ± 0.7 b | 58.6 [2] |
| Metaflumizone | 2.7 ± 2.0 ab | 3.3 ± 2.0 ab | 28.0 ± 7.3 b | 2.6 ± 0.6 d | 7.9 ± 1.0 c | 85.9 [3] |
| Sulfoxaflor | 5.3 ± 1.7 b | 18.0 ± 4.2 c | 36.0 ± 6.4 b | 2.6 ± 0.4 d | 7.4 ± 1.0 c | 88.2 [3] |
a,c Data are mean of 10 replicates ± SE.
b Data are the mean of 24 replicates ± SE.
IOBC Toxicity categories for laboratory test: 1) harmless (<30%); 2) slightly harmful (30–79%); 3) moderately harmful (80–99%); and 4) harmful (>99%). Within a column, data followed by different letter are significantly different (P < 0.05).