Table 2.
Comparison of attitudes to disability among PWD, caregivers, and the public
| Domain/Item | PWD | Caregivers | Public | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inclusionabc | 11.0 ± 3.0 | 8.8 ± 2.9 | 11.8 ± 3.2 | 134.6 | <0.001 |
| Relationshipsac: PWD find it harder than others to make new friends | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 87.6 | <0.001 |
| Inclusionabc: PWD have problems getting involved in society | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 119.6 | <0.001 |
| Burden societyabc: PWD are a burden on society | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 84.3 | <0.001 |
| Burden familyabc: PWD are a burden on their family | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 87.5 | <0.001 |
| Discriminationab | 12.7 ± 3.0 | 11.6 ± 3.1 | 11.6 ± 2.3 | 45.7 | <0.001 |
| Ridiculeabc: people often make fun of disabilities | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 64.2 | <0.001 |
| Exploitationac: PWD are easier to take advantage of (exploit or treat badly) compared with other people | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1.1 | 14.1 | <0.001 |
| Irritationabc: people tend to become impatient with those with a disability | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 121.7 | <0.001 |
| Ignoranceabc: people tend to treat those with disability as if they have no feelings | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 170.3 | <0.001 |
| Gainsbc | 13.3 ± 2.5 | 13.0 ± 2.8 | 11.2 ± 2.1 | 106.1 | <0.001 |
| Emotional strengthabc: having a disability can make someone a stronger person | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 169.0 | <0.001 |
| Maturitybc: having a disability can make someone a wiser person | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 205.8 | <0.001 |
| Achievementbc: some people achieve more because of their disability | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 4.2 | 0.015 |
| Determinationbc: PWD are more determined than others to reach their goals | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 26.7 | <0.001 |
| Prospectsabc | 13.1 ± 2.5 | 12.3 ± 2.7 | 14.6 ± 2.5 | 87.0 | <0.001 |
| Sexualityabc: sex should not be discussed with PWD | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 17.3 | <0.001 |
| Underestimationabc: people should not expect too much from PWD | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 41.6 | <0.001 |
| Optimismabc: PWD should not be optimistic (hopeful) about their future | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 113.0 | <0.001 |
| Future prospectsabc: PWD have less to look forward to than others | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 50.5 | <0.001 |
| Totalac | 50.1 ± 7.1 | 45.8 ± 7.5 | 49.2 ± 5.4 | 83.2 | <0.001 |
Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparison, asignificant difference between PWD and caregiers; bsignificant difference between PWD and public; csignificant difference between caregivers and the public