Table 2.

Changes in weight-related, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes in mindfulness and standard group

	Mean Change from Baseline (± SD)1
	Mindfulness Group (n=9)	Standard Group (n=9)	P value2
Weight-Related Measures
Weight (kg)
12 weeks	1.0 ± 1.76	−0.1 ± 2.4	0.27
6 months	2.3 ± 3.5	0.3 ± 2.1	0.15
Waist Circumference (cm)
12 weeks	1.7 ± 4.3	0.03 ± 4.4	0.42
6 months	2.6 ± 3.6	4.4 ± 7.6	0.52
BMI (kg/m2)
12 weeks	0.7 ± 0.6	0.6 ± 0.9	0.92
6 months	1.4 ± 1.1	0.8 ± 1.1	0.28
Eating Behavior Measures
TFEQ- Emotional Eating4
12 weeks	−6.2 ± 22.3	2.5 ± 22.1	0.42
6 months	−4.9 ± 13.7	6.2 ± 28.4	0.033
TFEQ - Cognitive Restraint4
12 weeks	2.4 ± 17.7	−3.4 ± 17.2	0.50
6 months	1.9 ± 15.4	−8.2 ± 21.5	0.27
TFEQ - Uncontrolled Eating4
12 weeks	0.4 ± 11.2	−3.2 ± 12.0	0.52
6 months	3.3 ± 13.5	3.4 ± 12.4	0.98
Binge Eating Scale5
12 weeks	1.1 ± 2.9	−2.1 ± 3.4	0.06
6 months	−0.2 ± 5.1	−1.7 ± 2.8	0.47
WEL - Eating Self-Efficacy6
12 weeks	0.1 ± 19.5	0.7 ± 13.5	0.95
6 months	1.9 ± 24.6	−2.8 ± 16.1	0.64
Psychosocial Measures
SF-36 Physical QOL7
12 weeks	1.0 ± 3.7	0.2 ± 2.3	0.56
6 months	1.4 ± 7.9	−0.5 ± 4.0	0.933
SF-36 Mental QOL7
12 weeks	−2.5 ± 10.3	2.5 ± 4.2	0.23
6 months	−3.6 ± 10.2	2.1 ± 7.3	0.303
IWQOL - Weight Related QOL8
12 weeks	−0.1 ± 7.6	3.2 ± 6.3	0.36
6 months	1.3 ± 7.4	1.1 ± 2.9	0.95
CES-D - Depression9
12 weeks	4.3 ± 9.9	−1.1 ± 3.2	0.103
6 months	3.4 ± 9.3	2.3 ± 4.5	0.74
Perceived Stress Scale10
12 weeks	3.6 ± 5.4	−0.8 ± 3.1	0.05
6 months	3.8 ± 11.8	−0.6 ± 4.1	0.433
Brief Cope - Coping Skills11
Self Distraction
12 weeks	0.1 ± 2.3	−0.1 ± 1.8	0.82
6 months	−0.6 ± 1.5	0 ± 1.4	0.413
Active coping
12 weeks	0.2 ± 1.5	0.4 ± 1.5	0.84
6 months	0.4 ± 0.9	0.4 ± 1.1	0.713
Denial
12 weeks	0.4 ± 0.9	0.2 ± 0.4	0.723
6 months	0.9 ± 2.1	0.4 ± 0.9	0.993
Substance Use
12 weeks	0.6 ± 1.1	−0.1 ± 0.3	0.263
6 months	0.7 ± 1.4	0 ± 0	0.473
Emotional Support
12 weeks	0.2 ± 1.4	−1.1 ± 1.7	0.10
6 months	0 ± 0.9	0.3 ± 1.6	0.473
Instrumental Support
12 weeks	0.4 ± 2.5	−0.3 ± 2.1	0.49
6 months	−0.4 ± 1.2	0.4 ± 1.1	0.233
Behavioral Disengagement
12 weeks	−0.2 ± 1.9	0 ± 0	0.993
6 months	−0.3 ± 2.3	0.1 ± 0.8	0.683
Venting
12 weeks	0 ± 1.6	−0.4 ± 1.6	0.65
6 months	0.3 ± 2.1	0.5 ± 1.3	0.78
Positive reframing
12 weeks	−0.4 ± 1.8	−0.1 ± 1.6	0.78
6 months	−0.8 ± 1.5	0 ± 1.1	0.24
Planning
12 weeks	0.9 ± 2.2	0.2 ± 1.3	0.45
6 months	0.1 ± 1.5	0.1 ± 1.3	0.99
Humor
12 weeks	−1.1 ± 2.4	−0.1 ± 1.6	0.443
6 months	−1.3 ± 1.4	0.1 ± 1.8	0.083
Acceptance
12 weeks	−0.9 ± 1.7	0.5 ± 1.3	0.08
6 months	−0.8 ± 2.0	0.3 ± 1.6	0.22
Religion
12 weeks	0.8 ± 1.3	0.3 ± 0.5	0.713
6 months	−0.3 ± 1.7	0.9 ± 1.1	0.123
Self-blame
12 weeks	0.3 ± 1.5	−0.6 ± 1.3	0.27
6 months	1.0 ± 2.1	0 ± 0.9	0.403

¹Mean changes from baseline calculated as ‘12 week-Baseline’ and ‘6 month-Baseline.’

²P-values for between-group differences calculated using t-tests for normally distributed differences and Wilcoxon rank sum test for non-normally distributed differences.

³Indicates p-value calculated using Wilcoxon-rank sum test. All others calculated using t-test.

⁴Eating behaviors assessed using Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Scores range from 0–100. Higher scores indicate higher levels of eating behavior.

⁵Binge eating assessed using Binge Eating Scale. Scores range from 0–32. Higher scores indicate more severe binge eating.

⁶Eating self-efficacy measured using Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL). Scores range from 0–180. Higher scores indicate greater confidence to control eating in specific situations.

⁷Quality of life (QOL) assessed using SF-36 Scale. Scores range from 0–100. Higher scores indicate better quality of life.

⁸Assessed using Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite). Scores range from 0–100. Higher scores indicate better quality of life.

⁹Depression measured using Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Revised Scale (CESD-R). Scores range from 0–60. Higher scores indicate a greater number of depressive symptoms.

¹⁰Assessed using Perceived Stress Scale. Scores range from 0–40. Higher scores indicate greater perceived stress.

¹¹Coping skills measured using Brief Cope Scale. Scores range from 1–4. Higher scores indicate better coping skills.