Table 3.
Control measures for managing chilli anthracnose reported from different parts of the world.
| Species targeted | Active Constituent | References |
|---|---|---|
| CHEMICAL CONTROL | ||
| Colletotrichum capsici | Carbendazim | Than et al., 2008 |
| Colletotrichum spp. | Dithiocarbamates, benzimidazole and trizole compounds | Waller, 1992 |
| C. capsici | Bavistine (carbendazim) | Ngullie et al., 2010 |
| C. capsici | Maneb (Mancozeb) | Smith, 2000 |
| C. capsici | Carbendazim, Mancozeb, Trinidazole, Propiconazole | Hegde and Anahosur, 2001 |
| C. capsici | Carbendazim, Propiconazole | De los Santos and Romero, 2002 |
| C. capsici | Strobilurin fungicides | Lewis and Miller, 2003 |
| C. gloeosporioides, C. capsici | Azoxystrobin | Saxena et al., 2016b |
| C. capsici | Thiophanate methyl | Ushakiran et al., 2006 |
| C. capsici | Propiconazole and Difenoconazole | Gopinath et al., 2006 |
| Colletotrichum spp. | Carbendazim, Mancozeb | Park, 2007 |
| C. capsici | Benzimidazole | Kim et al., 2007 |
| C. capsici | Azoxystrobin | Chen et al., 2009 |
| C. gloeosporioides | Bavistin (carbendazim) | Ngullie et al., 2010 |
| C. gleosporoides, C. capsici | Carbendazim | Suwan and Na-Lampang, 2013 |
| C. capsici | Difenoconazole | Soytong et al., 2014 |
| PHYSICAL CONTROL | ||
| C. gloeosporioides | Temperature (25°–30°C) | Denner et al., 1986 |
| C. capsici | Rice Straw and Plastic Mulches | Vos et al., 1995 |
| C. capsici | Crop rotation | Roberts et al., 2001 |
| C. capsici, C. acutatum | Crop rotation, using disease free seeds, fallowing | Agrios, 2005 |
| C. acutatum, C. capsici | Good drainage | Than et al., 2008 |
| C. capsici, C. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides | Use of resistant plant genotypes | Pollegioni et al., 2012 |
| C. acutatum | Light intensity (Green light) | Yu et al., 2013 |
| BIOLOGICAL CONTROL | ||
| C. capsici | Trichoderma viride | Naglot et al., 2015 |
| C. capsici | Psuedomonas fluorescens | Ramamoorthy and Samiyappan, 2001 |
| C. gloeosporioides | Mixture of PGPRs | Jetiyanon and Kloepper, 2002 |
| C. capsici | P. fluorescens, B. subtilis | Bharathi et al., 2004 |
| C. capsici | P. fluorescens | Ekbote, 2005 |
| C. capsici | T. harzianum and P. fluorescens | Srinivas et al., 2006 |
| C. capsici | T. harzianum | Oanh et al., 2006 |
| C. gloeosporioides | T. harzianum | Jebessa and Ranamukhaarachchi, 2006 |
| C. capsici | Pichia guilliermondi | Chanchaichaovivat et al., 2007 |
| C. gloeosporioides | T. harzianum | Boonratkwang et al., 2007 |
| C. capsici | P. fluorescens | Intanoo and Chamswarng, 2007 |
| C. acutatum | Bacillus subtilis | Wharton and Diéguez-Uribeondo, 2004 |
| C. acutatum | Candida oleophila | |
| C. capsici | P. fluorescens | Anand et al., 2009 |
| C. capsici | Bacillus subtilis | Sutarya et al., 2009 |
| C. capsici | Pichia guilliermondii | Nantawanit et al., 2010 |
| C. capsici | T. viride, P. fluorescens | Ngullie et al., 2010 |
| C. gloeosporioides, C. capsici | Actinomycetes | Intra et al., 2011 |
| C. acutatum | B. vallismortis strain BS07 | Park et al., 2013 |
| C. capsici | Colletotrichum globusum | Vasanthakumari and Shivanna, 2013 |
| BOTANICALS AND BIOLOGICAL ELICITORS | ||
| C. capsici | Fungal glucan, Polytran L | Bhandel and Paxton, 1991 |
| C. capsici | Neem extract, Rhinocanthus nasuta extract, Garlic extract | Singh and Korpraditskul, 1999 |
| C. capsici | Extracts of plucao and sabsua | Puttawong and Wongroung, 2009 |
| C. capsici | Neem extract, Garlic extract | Ngullie et al., 2010 |
| C. capsici | Crude Extract of Piper betle L. | Johnny et al., 2011 |
| C. capsici | Extract of Coleus aromaticus | Ajith et al., 2012 |
| INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT | ||
| C. capsici | T. harzianum+Captan+Neem Cake | Sharma et al., 2004 |
| C. capsici | P. fluroescens+Azoxystrobin | Anand et al., 2010 |