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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 30.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014 Dec 9;282(3):252–258. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.017

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Formation of phosphoramide mustard-induced DNA adducts. PM undergoes nonenzymatic degradation to produce nornitrogen mustard (NOR). Both PM and NOR alkylate guanine bases within DNA form guanine monoadducts, N-[2-(N7-guaninyl)ethyl]-N-[2-hydroxyethyl]-amine (G-NOR-OH), and DNA–DNA cross-links, N,N-bis[2-(N7-guaninyl) ethyl] amine (G-NOR-G), although PM is considered the major DNA reactive metabolite.

Adapted from Malayappan et al. (2010).